The Midgut and Hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

what are some distinguishing characteristics of the jejunum and ileum?

colour, wall, vascularity, vasa recta, arcades, fat in mesentery, circul

A
  • also ileum has numerous peyers patches.
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2
Q

which major blood vessel supplies the jejunum and ileum?

A

SMA

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3
Q

what do veins surrounding the jejunum and ileum drain to?

A

SMV

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4
Q

which set of lymph nodes does lymph drain from the jejunum and ileum?

A

superior mesenteric nodes

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5
Q

which part of the ANS stimulations reduces the secretion and motility of the intestina and also acts as a vasoconstrictor?

A

sympathetic

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6
Q

what is the nerve supply of the jejunum and ileum? and where is pain generally felt?

A
  • superior mesenteric plexus.
  • pain generally goes to the umbilical region.
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7
Q

the large intestine can be distinguished from the small intestine by which three features?

A
  • teniae coli.
  • omental apendices.
  • haustra.
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8
Q

label this diagram of the large intestine

A
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9
Q

how are parts of the large intestine peritonised?

A
  • caecum > intra
  • ascending colon > retro
  • transverse colon > intra
  • descending colon > retro
  • sigmoid colon > intra
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10
Q

in which of the 9 abdominal regions is the caecum and appendix located?

A

right inguinal region

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11
Q

what two structures open into the caecum

A

ileum and appendix

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12
Q

where is Mcburney’s point and why is it clinically useful?

A
  • 1/3 of the distance from right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus.
  • site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis.
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13
Q

which branches of the SMA supply the ascending colon?

A

right colic
ileocolic

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14
Q

which arteries supply the transverse colon?

A
  • SMA> right colic and middle colic.
  • IMA> left colic.
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15
Q

which branch of the IMA supplies the descending colon?

A

left colic

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16
Q

which branch of the IMA supplies the sigmoid colon?

A

sigmoid arteries.

17
Q

what is the arterial supply to the parts of the rectum?

A

superior 1/3 > superior rectal (from IMV).
middle 1/3 > middle rectal (from internal iliac).
inferior 1/3 > inferior rectal (from internal pudendal artery).

18
Q

what is the venous drainage of the rectum?

A

superior rectal > portal
middle and inferior rectal > systemic

19
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?

A

pararectal nodes > IMV
pararectal nodes > internal iliac

20
Q

how is the rectum peritonised?

A

superior and middle 1/3 > retroperitoneal
inferior 1/3 > no peritoneum

21
Q

what is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?

A

support of rectum and urinary bladder

22
Q

what structures other than the pelvic floor are involved in faecal continence?

A

internal and external anal sphincter

23
Q

what is the pectinate line?

A

divides the upper 1/3 and lower 2/3 of the anal canal