Problem-solving Flashcards
Algorithm
A method which produces a solution to a problem, but it is very time-consuming and inefficient
Exhaustive research
Trying out all the possible answers using a specified system
Heuristics ignore ________
some alternatives and examine only those that are most likely to yield a solution. This can lead to errors
The Analogy Approach
When you use the solution to a similar, previous problem to solve a new one
Problem isomorphs
A set or problems that have the same underlying structures and solutions, but differ in specific superficial details
Schema inductions
The process of trying several structurally similar problems before tackling the target problem, which leads to people identifying the connections between problems more easily
What are the 3 processes of the role of analogy?
- Note (that there is a connection between two problems)
- Mapping (key elements of the two problems)
- Schema development (arrive at a general schema that underlies the problems and enables the solution
The means-end heuristic
Breaking down a similar problem into smaller sub-goals
The hill-climbing heuristic
When you consistently choose the alternative that seems to lead most directly to the goal
Insight
A distinctive understanding of a problem , which involves looking at it in a different way
Early Gestaltist View
You need to break free from existing associations and see the problem in a different light
The Neo-Gestaltist View
Insightful problem-solving can be distinguished from non-insightful problem-solving through: estimating success and feeling of warmth
Transparency
Where people think they see analogies where they do not exist
Incubation
Putting the problem aside for a while without consciously thinking about it
