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210 - kcep > lecture 11: TBI > Flashcards

lecture 11: TBI Flashcards

1
Q

can a head concussion be considered a TBI

A

yes a mild one

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2
Q

what is TBI defined as

A

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as a
physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or
permanently impairs brain function

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3
Q

TBI is caused by internal or external forces

A

external forces

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4
Q

what are 2 examples of external forces thatn can cause TBI

A

direct or indirect blow

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5
Q

explain what a direct blow is for TBI

A

A direct blow to the head by blunt or

penetrating object

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6
Q

explain what an indirect blow is for a TBI

A

Indirect forces such as inertia during a motor
vehicle accident, where rapid movement of
the head causes back and forth movement of
the brain inside the skull (the injury comes
from the brain rattling in the skull)

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7
Q

explain how inertia in a car accident can be an indirect force leading to TBI

A

where rapid movement of
the head causes back and forth movement of
the brain inside the skull (the injury comes
from the brain rattling in the skull)

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8
Q

how can TBI be classified

A

TBI can be classified based on the
severity (mild, moderate, severe) and
the mechanism of injury (closed or
penetrating head injury)

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9
Q

severity of TBI is classified by what levels

A

mild moderate severe

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10
Q

is a direct blow considered a penetrating head injury or closed

A

penetrating

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11
Q

is an indirect blow considered a penetrating or closed head injurt

A

closed

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12
Q

the mechanism of injury for TBI can be classfied as what 2 things

A

closed or penetratinng

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13
Q

depending on the severity of the injury, TBI can affect numberous aspects such as what 5 things

A

physical capability, cognitive ability, emotional state, social interactions, and
behavior

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14
Q

after TBI there is an icnrease risk of what 3 things

A

risk of epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease,

and Parkinson’s disease

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15
Q

Can the side of brain lesions predict the type of impairments and disabilities
following TBI?

A

yes

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16
Q

what is the leading cause of death and disability amount people under 35

A

traumatic brain injury

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17
Q

traumatic brain injury is the main cause of death and disability for people what age

A

under 35

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18
Q

what is the incidence for TBI inn females

A

21.2%

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19
Q

what is the incidence for TBI for men

A

78.8%

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20
Q

is the incidence for TBI graeter in men or women and why

A

men because of alcohol, impulsivity, sense of invincibility, car accidents etc

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21
Q

how many new causes of TBI per year in canada

A

65 000

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22
Q

of all the cases of TBI, what percentage of them will die

A

20%

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23
Q

of all the causes of TBI, 10-20% of people will surive with BLANK

A

severe impairments and no independant living

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24
Q

of all the causes of TBI what percentgae of people will survive with severe impairements and no independant living

A

10-20$

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25
Q

true or false: all the people who suffer from TBI either die or survive with severe impairements

A

false, about 50% learn to live with various disorrders

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26
Q

what is the number 1 age group that has the highest incidence of medially attended TBI

A

15-24

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27
Q

what is the number one cause of TBI

A

motor vehicle

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28
Q

what is the order of causes from number 1 cause to number 3 (motor vehicles, assual and sports

A

motor, sports, assault

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29
Q

what are the 3 main causes of TBI in the graph

A

motor vehicles
sports
assault

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30
Q

what does the incidence of TBI start to increase after the age of 64

A

because of an icnrease number of falls

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31
Q

a penetrating injury is where brain tissue is damaged by…

A

by an object such as a knife, a bullet,
or bone fragments that has pierced
the skull and dura mater

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32
Q

in order to be considered a penetrating head injury, the object or brain fragemnts must do what

A

must pierce the skull and dura mater

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33
Q

an injury in which the skull and dura mater are not breached is called a

A

close head injury

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34
Q

an injury that causes the skull and dura mater to be pierces is called a BLANK

A

peneration head injiury

35
Q

TBI can be described as penetrating or closed head injury but also as what other two things

A

focal or diffuse

36
Q

what is a focal TBI injiry

A

injury confined to a specific area of the brain causing localized
damage

37
Q

what is a diffuse TBI injury

A

injury is characterized by

damage throughout the brain

38
Q

true or false: for penetrating objects, the clinacal outcome is usually good

A

true w

39
Q

if there is a penetrated object in the brain, do they always remove it>

A

no may or may not remove it

40
Q

what is a hematoma

A

Collection of blood outside of blood vessels.
Bleeding can occur outside the brain (subdural) or
within the brain tissue itself (intracerebral)

41
Q

Bleeding that occurs outside the brain (is called what

A

subdural

42
Q

or

bleeding that occurs within the brain tissue itself is called what

A

intracerebral

43
Q

what is hemmorage

A

bleeding directly into the brain tisse

44
Q

diffuse axonal injury results from what

A

Results from a tearing of nerve bundles and/or

stretching of blood vessels (from contre coup)

45
Q

what are contusions of the brain

A

Bruises that cause swelling and bleeding resulting in

tissue damage

46
Q

what are the 4 causes of TBI (bleeding etc)

A

hematoma
hemmoraging
diffuse axonal injury
contusions

47
Q

what happens to the nerve fibers in a TBI and what does that result in

A

Nerve fibers within specific areas of the brain are severed

Ø Nerve fibers are stretched which results in inefficient and slowed functioning

48
Q

true or false: coup contre coup can only happen is your head makes contact with the stationary object

A

false, can only occur if the moving object contacts with the head

49
Q

what is the coup part of the contre coup injury

A

brain injury at the point of impact (primary impact)

50
Q

what is the contrecoup part of the injury

A

brain injury is opposite to the point of impact (secondary impact)

51
Q

frontal lobe is used for what

A

planning, thinking, problem solving, emotions and personality

52
Q

motor cortex is used for

A

movement

53
Q

sensory cortex is used for

A

sensation

54
Q

parietal lobe is used for

A

percetption, making sense of the world, spelling and math

55
Q

occipital lobe is used for

A

vision

56
Q

temportal lobe is used for

A

memory, understanding and language

57
Q

true or false: hemineglect syndrome can only affect the right parietal lobe and not the left

A

true

58
Q

a hemineglect patient may ignore what things from the left

A

people who come from the left, leave froom untouched on the left side of the plate, forget to put clothes on the left side of the body

59
Q

if the symptoms of hemineglect extend to visual tasks and the patient is asked to draw a picture what happen

A

everything on nthe left side of the drawing is ignored

60
Q

what are the 3 degreews of severity in a TBI

A

1) confusion
2) coma
3) cerebral death

61
Q

confusion is a clouding of waht

A

conciousness

62
Q

what tis a coma

A

you cannot be aroused by strong stimuli

63
Q

what is cerebral death

A

the body is alive but not the breain

64
Q

what happens to the thinking process in confusionn degree

A

decreased

65
Q

true or false: speech is not affected for a confusion degree

A

false, it is affected

66
Q

inattention nand disoreitnationn is part of what degree of severity

A

confusion

67
Q

can a coma affect IQ

A

YES If long period of coma

68
Q

what happens to the brain in a coma

A

decreased metabolic activity of the brain

69
Q

why is a coma not like sleeping

A

because there is decreased metabolic actiyy of the brain

70
Q

true or false: a coma can lead to amnesia

A

true

71
Q

what happens to the brain in cerebral death

A

no longer able to regular body function

72
Q

what is is needed to assist living in cerebral death

A

through the help of machines or technoclogy

73
Q

what are the medical symtpms of TBI

A

headaches, risk of seizures,
changes in appetite, fatigue – both
mental and physical

74
Q

what are the physical symtoms of TBI

A

balance issues, lack of
coordination, muscle weakness or
paralysis, muscle rigidity/spasticity

75
Q

true or false: a KCEP specialist can help with the physical symtoms of TBI

A

true

76
Q

what arte the senses symtoms of TBI

A

over-sensitivity, vision
problems, sensitivity to noise,
changes to sense of smell and taste,
single-sided neglect

77
Q

what are the symtpoms of TBI in terms of thoughts and communication

A

Can affect organization of
thoughts or ability to
find words and
communicate clearly

78
Q

what are the behavior and personality symptoms of TBI

A

Irritability or mood swings, depression, anxiety, agitation, impaired judgment, lack of insight or awareness of problems, trouble sleeping

79
Q

what is the difference between effects of TBI and stroke on body function

A

brain damage after TBI is more widepread than a stroke

80
Q

can tyou exrecise after TBI

A

yes

81
Q

can recovery process occur more than 2 years ppost TBI

A

yes

82
Q

is there a relation between the length of a coma and level of severity

A

yes

83
Q

what is the relationship between length of coma nd level of severity

A

longer coma= greater the motor severity

210 - kcep (14 decks)

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