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210 - kcep > lecture 13: hypertension > Flashcards

lecture 13: hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

hypertension is also knwon as …

A

high BP (silent killer)

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2
Q

hypertension is a problem of what system

A

cardiovascular problem

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3
Q

what is hypertension

A

Cardiovascular problem in which the blood exerts a greater than normal
force against the inner walls of the blood vessels

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4
Q

what is the reasion that blood can exert a higher than normal force against the inner walls of the vessels

A

increase BV

decrease vasodilation of blood vessels

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5
Q

in hypertension there is damage to what organs and why

A 
heart, brain, kidneys and eyes … because of
circulatory problems (due to blood vessel damage)
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6
Q

why can they eyes be affected by hypertension

A 
because of
circulatory problems (due to blood vessel damage)
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7
Q

hypertension is a major risk for death by what things

A

stroke and heart attack

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8
Q

what are the 2 mechanical causes for hypertension

A

increase SV

increase perioheral resistance

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9
Q

what is increase stroke volume

A

increase amount of blood pumped every heart beat

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10
Q

what 2 reasons can peropheral resistance increase

A

1) decrease vasodilation
2) Arterial walls become thickened, inelastic and
resistant to blood flow

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11
Q

do you need both increase BV and increase resistnace to have high BP

A

no only 1/2 is enough

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12
Q

if you have too much blood but a normal diameter of vessels what happens to the blood pressire

A

high

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13
Q

if you have normal BV but narrow blood vessels what happens to the BP

A

high

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14
Q

true or false: incidience of hypertension greatly varies with age

A

true

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15
Q

what percentage of canadians suffer from hypertension

A

20-25%

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16
Q

what fraction of people have high BP but do not know it

A

1/3

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17
Q

people who have mild and moderate hypertension exercise mild and moderate symtpoms>

A

no , no symptoms

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18
Q

what is the problem with mild and moderate BP

A

there are no symptoms (very often=silent killer)

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19
Q

if you have severe high BP, what symptoms can be observerd

A

blurrred vision
severe headaches
confusion

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20
Q

the older you are, the higher or lower risk of high BP

A

higher risk

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21
Q

in high income countries what is the number 2 risk facor for death

A

high blood pressure

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22
Q

in high inconme countires, what is the 4th risk factor for death

A

physical inactity

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23
Q

in high income countires, what are the 2nd and 4th risk factors for death

A

high blood pressure and physical inactivity

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24
Q

true or false: high blood pressure is only a risk factor for death i high income countires>?

A

false, for all over the world inncluded low, middle and high income countires

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25
Q

what instrument measured BP

A

Sphygmomanometer

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26
Q

what is the optimal BP

A

120/80 mmHG

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27
Q

120/80, what is the 120

A

systolic pressure (contnraction phase)

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28
Q

120/80 what is the 80

A

diastolic pressure (relaxation phase)

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29
Q

heart contraction=

A

systole

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30
Q

heart relaxion=

A

diastole

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31
Q

true or false: BP is constant thorugh the day

A

false, it varies vs type of daily activit

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32
Q

what are some factors causing BP to temporarily rise

A

stress
smoking
exercise
caffeine

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33
Q

systolic and diastole pressure rises in what steas

A

winter

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34
Q

systolic and siaoslic pressure drops in what season

A

summer

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35
Q

true or false: systolic and diastolic pressure rises in the summer

A

false, it rises in winter and drops in summer

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36
Q

why does BP rise in the winter time

A
  1. Blood vessels constricts in the cold causing the heart to work harder to push blood through the veins and
    arteries

2) increase weight and decraese exercise in the winter time

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37
Q

what does primary/essential causes of BP mean

A

no specific medical cause can

be found to explain a patient’s condition

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38
Q

primary or essential causes affect what percentage of people with BP

A

90

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39
Q

primary/essential causes are believed to be caused by what two factors

A

50 genetic

50 environmentak

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40
Q

what are secondary causes

A

factors assocaited with hypertensio n

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41
Q

what are the secondary causes of high BP

A 
Pregnancy (blood
volume)
• Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta)
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Physical inactivity
• High fat diet + salt
intake
• Large amounts of alcohol
• éstress
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42
Q

what secondary causes of high BP increase peripheral resistance and are controllable

A 
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Physical inactivity
• High fat diet + salt
intake
• Large amounts of alcohol
• éstress
43
Q

true or false: icnrease perioheral resistance makes hypertension worse

A

true

44
Q

what is coartictation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta

45
Q

why does pregnance increase BP

A

increases BV

46
Q

atheroscleoris is what

A

hardernin of the arteries

47
Q

explain the schema of high BP

A

1) high BP
2) arteries: walls swell and stretch
3) endotheial injury
4) attraction of LDL cholesteral and WBC
5) formation of plaque
6) atheroscleoris

major risk for death by stroke and heart attack

48
Q

batting a blood vessel does what

A

caauses wall damamges and increase fat and foreign substances and wall build up

49
Q

which is the following in not a risk factor for high BP in children

1) obesity
2) poor nutrition habits
3) fam histoery

A

non of the above (all high BP causes)

50
Q

what is stage 1 mild BP systolic bp

A

140

51
Q

what is stage 1 diastloic BP

A

90

52
Q

when systolic and diastolic pressures fall into diff catherories ,waht cateogry should be selected

A

the higher category

53
Q

increase bp= incnrease risk of what

A

complication

54
Q

in stages 3 and 4 of high bp what is needed

A

more medication is needed

55
Q

when clasfsified blood pressure of adults, are they on their meds>

A

no , not taking any antihypertensive meds and not actually ill

56
Q

true or false: should BP increase durinng exercise>

A

yes, systolic should but diastolic should have no chagnes

57
Q

what is the normal BP response to aerobic exercises in terms of systole

A

inceases 30-60 mmHG

58
Q

what is the normal BP response to aerobic exercises in terms of diastole

A

no changes

59
Q

does BP increase during aerbic and resistance training only for hypetensionn people

A

No also everyonne else

60
Q

rank these activties from which incnrease bP (low to high)

aerboic, rest, 2 leg pressure heavy load,
2 arm heavy curl

A

rest
aerboic exercise
2 arm heeavy curl
2 leg heavy press

61
Q

does BP increase more in aerobic or resistnace

A

resistnace

62
Q

does 2 leg heavy press or 2 arm heavy curl increase resisance more

A

2 leg heavy pressure leg

63
Q

since BP increases during exercise for everyone, waht is the difference for people with hypertension

A

where they start

64
Q

what is the Effects of Regular Exercise on BP Response

at rest in Participants with Hypertension for AEROBIC TRAINING

A

decrease in Systolic BP of 5-7 mmHg and in Diastolic BP of 3-5 mmHg

65
Q

what is the Effects of Regular Exercise on BP Response

at rest in Participants with Hypertension for DYNAMIC RT

A

decrease BP by 2-3 mmHg in both Systolic and Diastolic BP

66
Q

what is the Effects of Regular Exercise on BP Response

at rest in Participants with Hypertension for ISOMETRIC RT

A

Potential for the largest decrease in Systolic and Diastolic

BPs: However, ↑ risk of medical complications

67
Q

what type of RT has an icnrease risk of medical complicationns

A

isometry

68
Q

which type of RT has the potentionn for the largest decrase in systolic and diastolic

A

isometry

69
Q

Reductions of only _______ mm Hg in SBP and DBP lower stroke
risk by 14% and 17%, respectively, and the risk of coronary artery
disease by 9% and 6%, respectively

A

2%

70
Q

Reductions of only 2% mm Hg in SBP and DBP lower

risk of what and why how much

A

stroke by 14% and 17%, respectively, a

nd the risk of coronary artery
disease by 9% and 6%, respectively

71
Q

how does isometric training have the highest risk of medical complications

A

because not movinng duringn isometric training can cause BP to incrase signimally during the trianign

72
Q

what was the BMI for the subjects in the test for Effect of moderate weight reduction on resting and
exercise blood pressure in overweight subjects

A

greater than 25 kg/m2

73
Q

what was the program for. Effect of moderate weight reduction on resting and
exercise blood pressure in overweight subjects

A

supervised diet duringn 20 weeks

74
Q

what were the results of the stury of Effect of moderate weight reduction on resting and
exercise blood pressure in overweight subjects

A

BMI decreases 31.9 kg/m 2 to 28.2 kg/m 2 and weight ↓ by 11.5%

75
Q

in the study “Effect of moderate weight reduction on resting and
exercise blood pressure in overweight subjects” what happend to BP at rest

A

decrease in systolic BP

76
Q

in the study “Effect of moderate weight reduction on resting and
exercise blood pressure in overweight subjects” what happend to BP during exercise

A

decrase in systolic and diastolic BP (greater effect in systole)

77
Q

is medication or exercise for for stage 3 and 4 BP

A

meds first

78
Q

what are the recommendations for endurance training to reduce BP

A

mode: large muscle, aerobic
frequency: 3 to 7 days / week
duration: 20-60 minutes
ntensity: 50-85% of peak HR

lower intensity 40-70% is very good too

79
Q

true or false: lower intensity 40-70% is not good for BP

A

false, it can be good too

80
Q

true or fasle: the exercise recommedations are the saem for hypertensive and normal individuals

A

true

81
Q

when is exercise contraindicated for hypertennsive

A

resting BP exceeds: 200/115 mmHG

durinng exercise: 225/90

82
Q

exercise is contraindicated when resting BP exceeds

A

200/115

83
Q

exercise is contraindicatied when during exercise BP is

A

225/90

84
Q

what types of exercise are contrainndicated for hypertensive

A

High intensity isometric exercise and heavy strength
training activities involving a Valsalva effect (weight
lifting) are contraindicated

85
Q

true or false: High intensity isometric exercise and heavy strength
training activities involving a Valsalva effect (weight
lifting) are contraindicated

A

true

86
Q

true or false: low intensity isometric exercise are contraindicated

A

false, HIGH INTENSITY isometric exercise

87
Q

what can affect BP during and after exrcise

A

meds

88
Q

what medications for people with BP take

A

antihypertensive agents

89
Q

explain how medications can affect BP duringn and after exercise.

A

decrease peripheral resistance by vasodilation =can produce

post-exercise hypotension (dizziness, feeling faint)

90
Q

what is the main goal for management of hypertension

A

to control BP by the least intrusive means possible. BP should be lowered and
maintained below 140/90 mm Hg (stage 1)

91
Q

to control BP by the least intrusive
means possible. BP should be lowered and
maintained below ______ mm Hg (stage 1)

A

140/90 mmHG (stage 1)

92
Q

what does it mean to control BP by the least intrusive means possible

A

to control BP naturally when possible (nutrion over meds)

93
Q

what are the best ways to contnrol hypertension

A 
-Medications
– Healthy diet:
• Focusing on fruits, vegetables and low-fat
dairy products, and especially, ↓ the salt in
your diet
– Exercise
– Management of emotional stress
– Weight control
94
Q

what type of diet is good to control hypertension

A

– Healthy diet:
• Focusing on fruits, vegetables and low-fat
dairy products, and especially, ↓ the salt in
your diet

95
Q

what are the 3 types of medicationses for hypertension

A

diuertics (water pills)
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers

96
Q

what type of pills are diuretics

A

water pills

97
Q

how do diuertics work

A

Work by flushing excess water and sodium from the body thus lowering BP, which may be enough along with lifestyle changes to control
your blood pressure (stage 1)

98
Q

true or false: diuertics are good for stage 4 hypertension?

A

no only stage 1

99
Q

how do beta blockers work

A

Work by blocking certain nerve and hormonal signals to the heart and blood vessels, thus lowering blood
pressure

100
Q

how do calcium channel blockers work

A

Prevent calcium from going into heart and blood vessel muscle cells ,
thus causing the cells to relax, which lowers blood pressure

101
Q

what pills work by Work by blocking certain nerve and hormonal signals to the heart and blood vessels, thus lowering blood
pressure

A

beta blockers

102
Q

what pills work by prevent calcium from going into heart and blood vessel muscle cells ,
thus causing the cells to relax, which lowers blood pressure

A

calcium channel blockers

103
Q

what pills work by Work by flushing excess water and sodium from the body thus lowering BP, which may be enough along with lifestyle changes to control
your blood pressure (stage 1)

A

diuertics

210 - kcep (14 decks)

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