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Toxicology > Exam 3: Herbicides & Fungicides > Flashcards

Exam 3: Herbicides & Fungicides Flashcards

1
Q

Exposure Scenarios: Herbicides & Fungicides

A

Sprayed for application on grass
Dermal, ingestion

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2
Q

MOA: Phenoxy Herbicides

A

Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
Direct irritant effect

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3
Q

Clinical Signs: Phenoxy Herbicides

A

Myotonia, ataxia, posterior weakness, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, metabolic acidosis
Lose ability to stand or rise
+/- opisthotonus

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4
Q

Species Sensitivity: Phenoxy Herbicides

A

Dogs

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5
Q

Absorption: Phenoxy Herbicides

A

Rapidly absorbed in GI
Dermal absorption varies

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6
Q

Distribution: Phenoxy Herbicides

A

Widely + little fat accumulation
Highly bound to plasma proteins

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7
Q

Elimination: Phenoxy Herbicides

A

Unchanged in urine
Long half life + increased toxicity in dogs

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8
Q

Disease Risk: Phenoxy Herbicides

A

Canine malignant lymphoma
TCC of the bladder

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9
Q

MOA: Paraquat

A

Generation of reactive oxygen species
Concentrated in the lungs

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10
Q

Route of Exposure: Paraquat

A

Ingestion of concentrates before use or prior to soil binding

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11
Q

Acute Poisoning: Paraquat

A

1 = caustic action leading to pain in GI (vomiting, aphagia)
2 = renal failure, hepatocellular necrosis
3 = delayed development of pulmonary fibrosis

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12
Q

Subacute/Chronic Poisoning: Paraquat

A

1 = hyperplasia of type II alveolar cells
2 = healing via fibrosis = desaturation of hemoglobin with oxygen

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13
Q

MOA: Diquat

A

Generation of reactive oxygen species
Does NOT concentrate in the lungs

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14
Q

Exposure: Diquat

A

Animals must consume directly rather than from sprayed vegetation

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15
Q

Clinical Signs: Diquat

A

Anorexia, GI distention, renal impairment, CNS excitement, convulsions

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16
Q

MOA: Glyphosate

A

Toxicity/clinical signs attributable to the irritating effects of the anionic surfactants

17
Q

Clinical Signs: Glyphosate

A

Hypersalivation
Vomiting, diarrhea
Anorexia, lethargy

18
Q

Mechanism of exposure: Triazines and Triazoles

A

Low toxicity during normal use
Sensitivity in sheep and cattle is high due to grazing on treated pasture

19
Q

Mechanism of exposure: Pentachlorophenol

A

Inhalation exposure (volatile)
High dermal absorption

20
Q

MOA: Pentachlorophenol

A

Uncouples ox phos = pyrexia

21
Q

Clinical signs: Pentachlorophenol

A

Eye, skin, resp irritant
High acute doses lead to CNS effects (excitation, seizures)

22
Q

Mechanism of exposure: Chromated Copper Arsenate

A

Highly bound to wood
Livestock ingest ash of burned lumber

23
Q

Mechanism of Exposure: Thiram

A

Animal repellant
Sulfur odor repels

24
Q

Repeated/Daily Oral Doses: Thiram

A

Weakness, muscle incoordination, limb paralysis

Toxicology (13 decks)

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