meiosis vocab Flashcards

meiosis

1
Q

Chromosome

A

structure made up of DNA and proteins; carry genetic information

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2
Q

sex chromosome

A

a chromosome that determines the persons sex

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3
Q

autosome

A

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

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4
Q

unreplicated chromosome

A

a chromosome that consist of one double helical molecule of dna with proteins

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5
Q

replicated chromosome

A

a chromosome that after DNA replication that consist of two identical chromatids that each have a double helical molecule of dna

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6
Q

sister chromatid

A

two identical chromatids in a replicated chromosome

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7
Q

homologous chromosome (homologs)

A

chromosomes that have the same genes and the same shape and size

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8
Q

non-sister chromatids

A

chromatids attached to different homolog chromosome pairs.

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9
Q

bivalent

A

paired replicated homologous chromosomes that exist during metaphase I and prophase I

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10
Q

Haploid number

A

total number of different types of chromosomes in a cell; n

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11
Q

diploid number

A

number of chromosomes in diploid cells (2n)

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12
Q

ploidy

A

the number of each type of chromosomes

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13
Q

haploid

A

having one of each type of chromosome

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14
Q

diploid

A

have two of each type of chromosome

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15
Q

polyploid

A

having more than two types of each chromosomes. tetraploid, hexaploid.

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16
Q

number of cell division in mitosis

A

one

17
Q

number of cell division in meiosis

A

two

18
Q

number of chromosomes in daughter cells compared with parent cells in mitosis

A

same

19
Q

number of chromosomes in daughter cells compared with parent cells in miosis

A

half

20
Q

DNA content of daughter cells compared with parent cells mitosis

A

reduced to 1/2 as a chromosome goes from being replicated to replicated

21
Q

DNA content of daughter cells compared parent cells in miosis

A

reduced to 1/4 as chromosomes go from diploid sets to replicated haploid to unreplicated haploid

22
Q

is there a synapsis of homologs in mitosis

A

no

23
Q

is there a synapsis of homologs in miosis

A

yes

24
Q

spindle fiber attachment in mitosis

A

each chromatid in each chromosome attaches to individual spindle fibers

25
Q

spindle fiber attachment in miosis

A

both chromatids in each chromosomes attach to the same spindle fiber

26
Q

number of chismata is mitosis

A

none

27
Q

number of chismata in miosis

A

one or more per pair of homologs chromosomes

28
Q

makeup of chromosomes in daughter cells in mitosis

A

the chromosomes are identical

29
Q

makeup of chromosomes in daughter cells in miosis

A

different- various of combinations from maternal and paternal chromosomes

30
Q

the role of mitosis in the life cycle

A

asexual reproduction in some eukaryotes. usually used for cell division, growth, cell replacement, and wound healing

31
Q

the role of miosis in the life cycle

A

halving of chromosomes and the production of gametes