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Ancient Civilizations > Egypt > Flashcards

Egypt Flashcards

1
Q

Menes 3100 BC (Early Dynastic Period)

A

The first Pharaoh. United upper and lower Egypt.

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2
Q

Khufu 2580-2560 BC (Old Kingdom)

A

Built the Great Pyramid of Giza,

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3
Q

Hatshepsut 1479-1458 BC (New Kingdom)

A

One of the few female pharaohs, known for her successful reign and temple construction.

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4
Q

Tutankhamun (Tut) 1332-1323 BC (New Kingdom)

A

Was the one whose tomb was preserved until the 20th century, restored polytheism.

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5
Q

Imhotep 27th century BC (Early Dynastic Period)

A

An architect, physician, and chancellor to Pharaoh Djoser, he is often considered the world’s first known polymath

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6
Q

Amenhotep IV 1353-1336 BC (New Kingdom)

A

Known for introducing a short-lived religious revolution by promoting the worship of the sun god Aten.

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7
Q

Nefertiti 1353-1336 BC (New Kingdom)

A

Queen and wife of Akhenaten, known for her role in the religious changes of her time.

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8
Q

Ramesses II 1279-1213 BC (New Kingdom)

A

A powerful and prolific pharaoh, known for his numerous building projects and military campaigns.

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9
Q

Cleopatra VII 69 BC to 30 BC (the end of the Egyptian empire)

A

The last Pharaoh of Egypt, known for her political and romantic relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark

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10
Q

Thutmose III 1479-1425 BC (New Kingdom)

A

Known for his military conquests and expansion of the Egyptian empire.

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11
Q

Amenemhat I 1991-1962 BC (Middle Kingdom)

A

The founder of the Middle Kingdom and the 12th Dynasty of Egypt.

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12
Q

Ra

A

The sun god and creator of all gods

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13
Q

Shu

A

God of air and supporter of sky

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14
Q

Tefnut

A

goddess of moisture, rainfall, and humidity

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15
Q

Geb

A

God of earth (birthed principals of life)

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16
Q

Nut

A

Goddess of sky and heavens

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17
Q

Osiris

A

God of death, rebirth, and lord of underworld.

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18
Q

Isis

A

Goddess of healing and magic (mother god)

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19
Q

Horus

A

god of war

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20
Q

Ma’at

A

Goddess of justice, truth, and balance

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21
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of being a scribe

A

Advantages
Didn’t have to
pay taxes
be part of military
do manual labour
Disadvantages:
took as long as 5 yrs to train as scribe
complicated to learn
get beaten if done wrong

22
Q

Abraham

A

Patriarch of jews
must move everyone to promiseland

23
Q

moses

A

bush, must lead people out to promised land
10 plagues
10 commandments

24
Q

Social Classes?

A

Gods
Pharaohs
Nobles
Priests/Scribes
Artisans
Peasants
Slaves

25
Q

Libyan + Arabian Deserts

A

became wastelands with climate change -people migrated to Nile where agri. flourished -defense -copper, quartz, flint, marble, natron salt

26
Q

Mediterranean Sea:

A

connected Cairo and Alexandria to other kingdoms -trade -protection from invasion

27
Q

Upper Egypt

A

low mountains and desert -6-20 km of inhabitable land -little fertile land -more invasions -not as wealthy

28
Q

Lower Egypt

A

valleys -Nile River Delta (fertile land) -mediterranean sea

29
Q

Djoser

A

-first pyramid -step pyramid -built by Imhotep

30
Q

3 pyramids of Giza?

A

Khafre, Khufu, Menkaure

31
Q

Cartouche

A

oval stone given to pharaohs/gods that represent names/titles

32
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

stone that helped translate ancient languages
stone said same thing repeated
able to read hieroglyphs

33
Q

Ba

A

Spirit that enters body at birth

34
Q

Ka

A

soul duplicate in heart

35
Q

Akh

A

Spirit of a dead person

36
Q

Exodus

A

angel of death descends and kills the first born of everyone in Egypt
must smear lamb’s blood above the door
Passover

37
Q

Ark of the Covenant:

A

built to house 10 commandments
don’t know if even built
don’t know where
let israelites communicate with Yahweh

38
Q

Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt (c. 3100 BC)

A

Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, marking the beginning of the ancient Egyptian civilization.

39
Q

Construction of the Pyramids (c. 2600-2500 BC)

A

The construction of the Great Pyramids of Giza, including the Pyramid of Khufu, was a remarkable architectural and engineering achievement.

40
Q

Hyksos Invasion (c. 17th century BC)

A

he Hyksos, a Semitic people, invaded and ruled parts of Egypt, introducing new technology and weaponry

41
Q

Amarna Period (c. 1353-1336 BC)

A

Pharaoh Akhenaten introduced a short-lived religious revolution, shifting the focus to the worship of the sun god Aten and moving the capital to Akhetaten (modern Amarna).

42
Q

Tutankhamun’s Tomb Discovery (1922)

A

Howard Carter’s discovery of King Tutankhamun’s nearly intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings provided invaluable insights into Egyptian burial practices and artifacts

43
Q

Battle of Kadesh (1274 BC)

A

The Battle of Kadesh between Ramesses II of Egypt and Muwatalli II of the Hittites is one of the earliest documented battles in history, ending in a stalemate

44
Q

Assyrian and Persian Invasions (c. 7th-6th century BC)

A

Egypt faced invasions from the Assyrians and Persians, leading to periods of foreign rule.

45
Q

Roman Annexation (30 BC)

A

Egypt officially became a Roman province after the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian (later known as Augustus)

46
Q

Rosetta Stone Discovery (1799)

A

The discovery of the Rosetta Stone, inscribed with three scripts (hieroglyphics, Demotic script, and Greek), played a vital role in deciphering hieroglyphics and understanding ancient Egyptian language and culture.

47
Q

Outline the major changes that were occurring in the Egyptian military during the New Kingdom.

A

Leather armour with metal scales
Lightweight
Protective
Charioteers
Started wielding shields
Shields on the sides and front to protect from enemy archers
Permanent garrisons
Fort right in enemies’ territory
Increased size of standing armies
Professional/trained army

48
Q

Everyday life (marriages)

A

marriages were arranged by families for social and economical reasons
male babies were desired
social status meant everything

49
Q

Mummification

A
  1. Body Preparation
  2. Organ Preservation (separately preserved in canopic jars
  3. Drying and Salting: The body was covered in natron for 40 days
  4. Body Wrapping:
  5. Mask and Coffin
  6. They prayed for the dead
  7. Funerary objects were then placed with the dead
  8. They sealed the tomb
50
Q

Old kingdom

A

economic problems
environmental issues (less rainfall/floods)
drought and famine
erosion of the authority of the Pharaoh
nobles and priests gained power
400 yrs upper and lower was unified (split again)

51
Q
A
52
Q

Middle Kingdom

A

weakness of its later kings
neighboring peoples began to retake territory the Egyptians had controlled when Egypt was unified
invasion - Hyksos

Ancient Civilizations (5 decks)

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