Bananas Flashcards

1
Q

How many people are bananas a staple food for?

A

400 million

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2
Q

Why are bananas important?

A

4th most important food in LICs

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3
Q

In 2013, how many tonnes of bananas were traded?

A

16.5 million

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4
Q

What percentage of bananas from Colombia are exported to Europe?

A

80%

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5
Q

What percentage of Ecuador’s GDP is made up of income from bananas?

A

10%

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6
Q

Why do the ACP nations not trade as many bananas as Latin America?

A
  • consumed domestically
  • too poor to afford tariffs (link to banana wars, EU)
  • less FDI invested as fewer TNCs present
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7
Q

What is a monoculture?

A

growing only one crop on a farm

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8
Q

What is comparative advantage?

A

countries specialising in products that they have the best climate/skills/resources

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9
Q

What is repatriation of profits?

A

TNCs sending profits made back to source countries/HQs

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10
Q

Why do many countries in Latin America specialise in growing bananas?

A
  • comparative advantage -> climate
  • large market/demand
  • cheaper to produce as only a primary product
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11
Q

What are the issues with specialising in bananas?

A
  • rely on demand/tastes of EU/global market
  • low value product -> debt
  • less money earned -> less taxes paid
  • monoculture could lead to widespread disease and pests -> collapse of income
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12
Q

What is meant by ‘race to the bottom’?

A
  • TNCs increase profits
  • reduces the value and price paid to producers
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13
Q

What factors enable the trade of bananas?

A
  • trade agreements
  • security
  • transport
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14
Q

What flows are involved in the trade of bananas?

A
  • products
  • remittances
  • FDI
  • labour
  • capital
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15
Q

What percentage of the value of a banana goes to workers?

A

7%

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16
Q

What percentage of the value of a banana goes to retailers?

A

41%

17
Q

What are the 4 TNCs involved in banana trade/production?

A
  • Dole
  • Chiquita
  • Del Monte
  • Fyffes (Ireland)
18
Q

What is Noboa?

A

Ecuadorian national company specialising in bananas

19
Q

Why does the repatriation of profits impact producer countries?

A
  • the TNCs send profits back to HQ
  • less money paid as tax
  • less money paid to workers
  • reinforces core-periphery model
20
Q

What % of market share is owned by the big 5 banana companies?

A

45% (used to be 6-% in 2002)

21
Q

What is Fair Trade?

A

concept of a social enterprise that supports fair wages and higher incomes, through Fair Trade Premium

22
Q

What does Fair Trade do for workers?

A
  • increases income and QoL
  • gives grants to local education and schools
  • grants improve farming as well as housing
23
Q

How does Fair Trade impact consumers?

A

higher cost of goods

24
Q

How many ACP nations were involved in SDT in 1975? (between these nations and the EU)

A

71, Lome convention

25
Q

When did the US file a complaint against the WTO claiming its SDTs were unfair?

A

1992

26
Q

When were tariffs reduced for latin american nations?

A

2009

27
Q

How many bananas are eaten per person per year in the UK?

A

100

28
Q

When did the US become successful in its complaint against the SDT given to ACP nations?

A

1997

29
Q

How much has been generated for certified banana producers through the Fair Trade Premium?

A

£114 million from 2000-2020

30
Q

How much (on average) does a loose banana cost in the UK?

A

11p

31
Q

How many banana farmers and producers does FairTrade support?

A

36,480

32
Q

Give an example of a threat to banana producers…

A

TR4 (Panama) Disease, 10,000ha cavendish bananas destroyed.
Currently no cure and no resistant bananas