Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

health assessment > neurological assessment > Flashcards

neurological assessment Flashcards

1
Q

what do spinal nerves innervate?

A

dermatomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

reasons to conduct a neuro assessment could be…

A

headache
head injury
dizziness/vertigo
tremors
seizures
weakness
incoordination
numbness or tingling
difficulty swallowing or talking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

components of the neurological examination

A

vital signs
level of consciousness
communication/speech
orientation
motor
sensory pain
pupillary reaction
deep tendon reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aphasia

A

loss of language function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

babinski sign

A

dorsiflexion of the foot with extension and splaying of the toes in response to the plantar reflex, normally suppressed by corticospinal input (toes should bend down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

paresis

A

partial loss of or impaired voluntary muscle control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sensation

A

nervous function that recieves info from environment and translates it into electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a dermatome

A

a sensory area of skin related to the spinal cord segment and nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dermatome landmarks

A

axilla - T1
nipple - T4
umbilicus - T10
groin - L1
knee - L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glasgow coma scale

A

standardized objective assessment defining LOC by giving it a numerical value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lowest and highest scores for glasgow coma scale

A

lowest score possible - 3
normal/highest - 15
coma - 8 or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

decerebrate and decorticate posturing are signs of…

A

brain death, the brain can no longer distinguish where pain is coming from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

decorticate posturing

A

damage to corticospinal tracts, movement inward and toward the core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

decerebrate posturing

A

damage to the brain stem results in movement outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AVPU of mental status assessment

A

alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conscious M/S testing

A

direct commands
assess muscle strength against resistance
assess gait and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

unconscious M/S testing

A

observe for spontaneous mvmt
assess resistance to mvmt
assess response to painful stimuli (trapezius, sternal rub)
deep tendon reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Romberg’s test assesses…

A

proprioception by having patient stand with eyes closed and maintain balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Romberg’s test results

A

positive = loss of balance
negative = maintain balance
suggests ataxia (poor muscle control) is sensory in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what tests can assess cerebellar function

A

balance tests, coordination and skilled movements (RAM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

RAM test

A

patient pats knees with front and back of hands, finger to finger tests (tremors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diadochokinesia

A

ability to perform RAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dysdiadochokinesis

A

slow, irregular, clumsy movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

balance tests

A

test gait by having them walk and then turn the other way, tandem walk, Romberg test

25
Q

stereognosis

A

recognize objects with eyes closed

26
Q

graphesthesia

A

read number traced on hand

27
Q

two point discriminatoin

A

distinguish separation of two stimuli (ex: paresthesia and diabetes will have abnormal findings)

28
Q

superficial pain sensation test

A

assess sharp and dull pain

29
Q

if pain sensation is abnormal how should you proceed?

A

with a temperature test

30
Q

light touch test

A

apply wisp of cotton

31
Q

motor function tests (hand and feet)

A

hand grips, dorsiflexion of feet against resistance

32
Q

primary sensory functions

A

light touch, pain, temperature, vibration

33
Q

sensory function procedure

A

observe all sensory function tests for bilateral differences
impairments can be mapped by dermatome
light touch, vibration w tuning fork, temperature, monofilamnet

34
Q

monofilament test

A

touch to 6 random sites on sole of foot, should be able to tell when it is touching foot

35
Q

deep tendon reflexes scale

A

0 - absent
1 - sluggish or diminished
2 - brisk, EXPECTED
3 - more brisk than expected
4 - hyperactive with clonus

36
Q

babinski reflex

A

draw blunt object along sole of foot from heel to ball, touch should flex down

37
Q

what does brudsinskis sign test for?

A

meningeal irritation

38
Q

brudzinski’s sign test

A

nuchal rigidity, place hand under neck and on patient’s chest, have them point chin to chest
abnormal: resistance with pain in neck and flexion of hips

39
Q

kernig’s sign

A

flat, supine position
raise leg straight or flex, extend knee
abnormal: resistance to straightening

40
Q

PERRLA pupillary assessment

A

pupils, equal, round, reactive to, light, accomodation

41
Q

accomodation in pupillary assessment

A

near and far, moving finger in and out, eyes should accomodate for the movement

42
Q

consensual pupillary

A

light in the right and left eye responds equally

43
Q

direct response pupillary

A

light in the right eye and the right eye responds

44
Q

unequal pupil sizes could mean…

A

late sign of brain injury (BAD), tumor, concussion

45
Q

cranial nerve 1

A

olfactory nerve, able to detect smell in each nostril

46
Q

cranial nerve 2

A

optic nerve, visual acuity 20/20

47
Q

cranial nerve 3

A

oculomotor, no drooping eyelids

48
Q

cranial nerve 4

A

trochlear, PERRLA findings

49
Q

cranial nerve 5

A

trigeminal, masseter strength and sensation to light touch of forehead, cheeks, jaw

50
Q

cranial nerve 6

A

abducens, direct and consensual reaction to stimuli

51
Q

cranial nerve 7

A

facial nerve, no facial asymmetry (close eyes, blow cheeks)

52
Q

cranial nerve 8

A

acoustic, hearing intact, balance

53
Q

cranial nerve 9

A

glossopharyngeal, uvula should elevate with palate

54
Q

cranial nerve 10

A

vagus, swallows easily and speaks clearly

55
Q

cranial nerve 11

A

spinal accessory, shoulder shrug against resistance and neck rotation

56
Q

cranial nerve 12

A

hypoglossal, tongue strength and rest/extension

57
Q

common neurological diagnostics

A

CT, MRI, angiography, EEG, lumbar puncture

58
Q

red flags in neuro assessment

A

seizure in someone without seizure history
change in LOC or sensorium
sudden weakness/paralysis
sudden inability to speak
sudden inability to follow directions
sudden loss of vision
fever with stiff neck

59
Q

neuro check on hospitalized patinet

A

LOC
pupillary check
facial symmetry
AVPU or glasgow coma scale
tongue midline
speech clear and articulate
hand grasp strength
wiggle fingers
wiggle toes

health assessment (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions