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health assessment > private parts > Flashcards

private parts Flashcards

1
Q

normal anatomy of breasts

A

montgomery glands; axillary tail adipose;

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2
Q

how often should self breast exams be performed

A

every month

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3
Q

focused health history for breasts

A
  • pain (mastalgia)
  • lumps
  • discharge (unless there is lactation)
  • rash
  • swelling
  • trauma
  • history of breast disease
  • family history
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4
Q

number one risk factor for breast cancer

A

family history, especially first degree

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5
Q

gynocomastia

A

breast development in male

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6
Q

common complaints for breast tissue

A

lump, pain, nipple discharge

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7
Q

risk factors for breast cancer

A
  • age over 50
  • early menarche
  • late menopause
  • nulliparity
  • family history of breast cancer
  • obesity
  • alcohol
  • long term estrogen and progesterone replacement after menopause
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8
Q

breast exam INSPECTION components

A

note
- symmetry
- skin
- look for retraction of breast

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9
Q

breast exam palpation components

A

feeling for lumps

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10
Q

abnormal findings of breast exam

A
  • sudden increase in size of one breast
  • hyperpigmentation
  • edema
  • retraction of nipple, orange skin appearance
  • deviating of nipple
  • discharge of nipple
  • dimpling or pucker of skin
  • enlarged lymph nodes in axilla
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11
Q

positioning for breast exam

A

arms over head, arms at side, supine

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12
Q

self breast exam components

A
  • expose breasts
  • while standing: inspect for symmetry, dimpling, redness, pitting
  • while lying: palpate entire breasts and axillae in systematic fashion, light and deep palpation, compare to other breast and look for symmetry
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13
Q

normal findings of self breast exam

A
  • smooth shape without indentations or localized enlargement
  • skin should be free of redness of peau dorange
  • montgomery tubercles are normal
  • no spontaneous discharge
  • axillary lymph nodes non tender and non palpabl
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14
Q

red flags for a breast exam

A
  • breast mass
  • retractions
  • edema
  • axillary mass
  • scaly nipple
  • tender breast
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15
Q

fibrocystic disease

A

cysts in breast; NOT tumors but needs to be watched more closely

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16
Q

breast diagnostic tests

A

mammogram
breast ultrasound
needle aspiration

17
Q

health history for MALE GU complaints

A
  • frequency, urgency, nocturia
  • dysuria
  • hesitancy/straining
  • urine color
  • penis pain, lesions, or discharge
  • sexual activity and contraceptive use
18
Q

health history for FEMALE GU complains

A
  • menstrual history
  • obstetric history
  • menopause
  • pelvic pain
  • urinary symptoms
  • vaginal discharge
  • sexual activity and contraceptive use
19
Q

GYN common complaints

A

abnormal bleeding
pain
vaginal discharge
urinary symptoms

20
Q

past medical history for gyn.

A
  • menarche, menopause, reproductive history
  • STDs
  • PID
  • cancer
  • diabetes
  • other chronic illness
21
Q

nursing care during gynecological exam

A
  • ask if first pelvic exam, describe procedure and answer questions
  • eye contact
  • privacy
  • appropriate draping
  • professionalism
22
Q

cervical cancer risk factors

A
  • HPV
  • HIV
  • smoking
  • over 3 children
  • long term oral contraceptive use
23
Q

cervical cancer screening

A

pap smear every 3 years; beginning at age 21 or 3 years after first intercourse

24
Q

normal findings of gyn.

A
  • labia majora free of nodules or lesions
  • labia minora smooth and slightly moist
  • white, thin, discharge without odor
  • urethral orifice just inside vaginal introitus, without redness or discharge
  • no inguinal swelling
  • hymenal tissue may be visible in women of all ages
25
Q

past medical history for male reproductive

A
  • GU surgery
  • previous GU illness
  • sexual contacts
  • history of undescended testes
  • chronic illness, diabetes, cardiac or neurologic disease
  • cancer
26
Q

normal findings of a penis/testicular exam

A
  • skin looks wrinkled without lesions
  • scrotal size varies
  • testes are oval/firm/rubbery
27
Q

abnormal findings of a penis/testicular exam

A
  • generalized swelling/inflammation
  • lesions
  • grouped vesicles
  • phimosis/paraphimosis
  • narrowed opening
  • scrotal swelling/lumps
28
Q

phimosis vs. paraphimosis

A

only in uncircumcised
- phimosis is foreskin that does not retract
- paraphimosis is foreskin that retract but does not return

29
Q

risk factors for testicular cancer

A
  • age 20-34
  • caucasian race
  • cryptorchidism
  • h/o testicular cancer
  • family history of testicular cancer
30
Q

risk factors for penile cancer

A
  • phimosis
  • poor personal hygeine
  • over 60
  • sexual promiscuity
  • smoking
  • HPV
31
Q

male genital self exam

A
  • for any sexually active man
  • examine external genitalia for bumps, redness, lesions
  • examine head of penis
  • examine urethral meatus for discharge
  • pubic hair for infestations
  • palpate testicle for nodules
32
Q

normal findings for male self exam

A
  • shaft free of nodules and should be straight
  • foreskin should retract completely
  • urethral orifice should be at tip of penis
  • scrotal skin has rugae
  • testes should be smooth
  • epididymis should be smooth, non tender
  • vas deferens should be without nodules from testes to inguinal ring
33
Q

risk factors for prostate cancer

A
  • age over 50
  • african american
  • family history
34
Q

rectal common complaints

A
  • anal pain/bleeding
  • painful lump
  • itching
  • lesions
35
Q

rectal exam

A
  • when abnormality is suspected
  • testing for occult fecal blood
36
Q

risk assessment for STD

A
  • high risk sexual behavior (multiple, new partner)
  • personal H/O STD
  • MSM tested anually
  • high rate of co infection STD
37
Q

red flags

A
  • amenorrhea
  • urinary retention
  • breast lump
  • breast discharge
  • genital lesion
  • vaginal discharge
  • anal lesions/bleeding
  • post menopausal bleeding

health assessment (21 decks)

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