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Microbiology > L35_DNA Viruses 2 > Flashcards

L35_DNA Viruses 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name some infections that herpesviruses cause?

A

Chickenpox, mononucleosis, Birth Defects, Cancer

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2
Q

How many human herpes viruses are there?

A

8

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3
Q

What strain is genital herpes, above the waist?

A 
HSV 2 (genital)
HSV 1 (above waist)
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4
Q

describe the genome of herpes virus

A

Liner dsDNA

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5
Q

How does herpes virus enter the cell?

A

It binds to surface proteins and fuses or is endocytosed.

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6
Q

Where does herpes virus capsid uncoat?

A

The nuclear pore

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7
Q

What happens to the herpesvirus genome when it enters the nucleus?

A

It circularizes

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8
Q

Describe the stages of transcription of herpersvirus

A

Immediate Early (Transcription factors), Early (replication proteins), Late (capsid proteins)

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9
Q

Where is the capsid formed for new herpes virus virions?

A

In the nucleus

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10
Q

What polymerase is used for replication of herpesvirus?

A

The viral DNA polymerase

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11
Q

How does Herpesvirus egress?

A

exocytosis

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12
Q

Do all herpesviruses have the same tissue tropism?

A

NO

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13
Q

Where does herpesvirus get its envelope?

A

First from nuclear membrane, then it gets its tegument, then gets a second envelope from the trans golgi network.

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14
Q

Is the cell killed in the production of herpesvirus?

A

Not necessarily, cells can shed virions without being killed

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15
Q

What is the definition of latency

A

The genome is present in a cell but infectious virions are absent.

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16
Q

When does latency occur?

A

Immediately upon infection, before any symptoms present, this is why we can get rid of it once its there.

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17
Q

How is HSV1 spread?

A

Spread by close contact with active lesions or asymptomatic shedding

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18
Q

What type of infection usually occurs in children with HSV1?

A

Gingivostomatitis (lesions on mouth, face, nose, and eyes)

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19
Q

What cells does herpes virus become latent for life for both HSV1 and HSV2?

A

Neurons (terminal non-differentiated)

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20
Q

What is the prodrome of recurrent HSV1?

A

Tingling and itching

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21
Q

What can trigger an HSV1 recurrent outbreak?

A

Fever, sunlight, hormones, stress, physical trauma, etc.

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22
Q

Where do recurrent mouth lesions originate from?

A

Trigeminal ganglion.

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23
Q

What part of brain to HSV viruses tend to target?

A

The temporal lobe

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24
Q

What type of neurological infections can HSV cause in primary and secondary infections?

A

Primary- meningitis (stiff neck and headache)

Secondary- Encephalitis (Fever and Neurological symptoms)

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25
Q

How is HSV2 spread?

A

Spread by close contact between mucous membranes (genital and/or oral)

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26
Q

What are the symptoms of HSV2

A

many lesions, pain, itching, fever, malaise, headache (usually but not always below waist

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27
Q

Are double infections with HSV1 and 2 common?

A

Yes

28
Q

How can you distinguish between HSV 1 and 2 in the lab?

A

Serology or PCR

29
Q

Is there a way to control outbreaks?

A

Yes you can decrease or suppress outbreaks, many drug is Valtrex

30
Q

Is there a vaccine for herpes simplex?

A

NO

31
Q

How can you prevent HSV spread.

A

Safe Sex, Avoid contact with clear outbreaks, use valtrex and famvir to prevent outbreaks

32
Q

What disease can be a reoccurrence of varicella at a later age?

A

Shingles (Herpes Zooster)

33
Q

What does VZV stand for?

A

Varicella Zooster Virus

34
Q

How is VZV spread?

A

Aerosol transmission (highly contagious)

35
Q

Where does VZV establish latency and when?

A

Dorsal root ganglion before rash appearance

36
Q

What patterns do recurrent Herpes Zooster outbreaks follow?

A

Along the dermatome of the affected DRG.

37
Q

Do opiates help with shingles?

A

NO because the nerve itself is affected

38
Q

What are some complications of Shingles

A

Bell’s Palsy, Postherpetic Neuralgia, retinitis

39
Q

What are some complications of Chicken Pox?

A

Hepatitis, Encephalitis, Pneumonitis, Bacterial infection.

40
Q

How is VZV diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs are distinctive, PCR, antigen, serology kits.

41
Q

How are VZV and Zoster treated?

A

No treatment required for uncomplicated VZV. Zoster treatment only effective during first 3 days of outbreak

42
Q

How can Varicella be prevented?

A

2 dose Varicella Vaccine. Can give a booster to patients over 50 to prevent Zoster.

43
Q

How is Epstein Barr Virus transmitted?

A

By Saliva

44
Q

What type of cells does Epstein Barr Virus infect?

A

Oral epithelial and B-cells in tonsils

45
Q

Where does EBV stay latent?

A

In B-cells in tonsils

46
Q

What is the most typical manifestation of EBV

A

Mononucleosis

47
Q

What are the symptoms of mono

A

Fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged spleen

48
Q

Who is must susceptible to recurrence of EBV

A

immunosuppressed people

49
Q

What type of sequelae does recurrent EBV cause?

A

malignancies, Oral Hairy Leokoplakia

50
Q

How do you treat EBV?

A

You treat the symptoms because there are no antivirals for this virus

51
Q

How do you test for EBV?

A

Clinical signs, serology for heterophile (react non specifically) antibodies, blood smears for elevated WBC and atypical lymphocytes

52
Q

What does CMV stand for?

A

Cytomegalovirus

53
Q

How does CMV enter body?

A

Many ways, just about all you can think of, its everywhere in the body

54
Q

How does CMV manifest in most people?

A

50-95% are asymtomatic

55
Q

People who do have CMV symptoms show what signs?

A

Looks a lot like mono but without sore throat. (Fever, Jaundice, diffuse lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, rash)

56
Q

What is one of the primary causes of deafness?

A

in utero CMV during gestation

57
Q

What is the highest risk population for CMV

A

Pregnant women who have not had CMV before, leads to congenital CMV

58
Q

Is there a vaccine for CMV?

A

No

59
Q

Are there drugs that can be taken for CMV?

A

Yes but they are very toxic

60
Q

What cells does CMV infect?

A

Immune, T-cells, macrophages

61
Q

Where is Roseola latent

A

CD4 Tcells

62
Q

How is Roseola transmitted?

A

Saliva

63
Q

How does roseola present?

A

3 days high fever, followed by a faint rash on the trunk

64
Q

is roseola rash contagious?

A

No

65
Q

Is Herpes virus enveloped?

A

Yes

66
Q

What herpes strains cause roseola?

A

HHV 6 and 7

Microbiology (39 decks)

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