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Clinical Pathology > Clinical Chemistry > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What do increased lactate levels indicate

A

Hypoxemia or hypoperfusion

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2
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism =

A

Addisons disease

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3
Q

How does a pet most commonly get Addisons disease

A

Withdrawal of corticosteroids

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4
Q

Cats have a tendency to have hyper or hypothyroidism

A

Hyper

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5
Q

Dogs and horses have a tendency to have hyper or hypothyroidism

A

Hypo

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6
Q

True or false
Plasma does not clot

A

True

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7
Q

What principles do most chemistry analyzers use in veterinary practices

A

Photometry

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8
Q

What organ produces most of the plasma proteins

A

Liver

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9
Q

What is bilirubin

A

Byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown

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10
Q

How do bile acids function

A

Aid fat absorption and modulate cholesterol levels

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11
Q

What are the two primary tests used to determine kidney function

A

Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

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12
Q

What are 2 commonly performed tests used to evaluate the exocrine pancreas

A

Amylase and lipase

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13
Q

How much can glucose levels drop if left in contact with RBC at room temperature for 1 hour

A

10%

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14
Q

What chemical components in the body contribute to the acid base balance

A

Buffers

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15
Q

What are the major electrolytes in plasma

A

Sodium, potassium, chloride

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16
Q

What is the buffer used to maintain PH balance in the body

A

Bicarbonate

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17
Q

Which substance does the exocrine pancreas produce ?

Amylase
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Insulin

A

Amylase

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18
Q

Which liver enzyme is associated with cholestasis

A

Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)

19
Q

What word means an elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatine levels

A

Azotemia

20
Q

Hepatic function test ?

A

Bile acids

21
Q

Which test is elevated when skeletal muscle is damaged

A

Creatine kinase

22
Q

An electrochemical analyzer evaluated which components

A

Electrolytes

23
Q

Which protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure of the plasma

A

Albumin

24
Q

What electrolyte is needed to maintaining neuromuscular excitability

A

Calcium

25
Q

What type of sample is preferred for most blood chemistry assays

A

Serum

26
Q

What term referred to the fluid portion of the blood that contains fibrinogen but no cells

A

Plasma

27
Q

What term describes serum that appears pink after centrifugation

A

Hemolyzed

28
Q

What term describes serum that appears milky after centrifugation

A

Lipemic

29
Q

What can cause light scattering when a sample is analyzed

A

Lipemia

30
Q

What does the toxin nitrate cause

A

Changes hemoglobin to methemoglobin

31
Q

The toxin mean causes

A

Basophilic stippling and increased RBC

32
Q

What electrolytes are mainly found in bone

A

Calcium and phosphorus

33
Q

What electrolytes are mainly Intracellular

A

Potassium and magnesium

34
Q

What electrolytes are mainly Extracellular or found in plasma

A

Bicarbonate, chloride, sodium

35
Q

Red maple leaves are toxic to what species

A

Horses

36
Q

Onions are toxic to what species

A

Dogs

37
Q

When bicarbonate (HCO3) binds with hydrogen ion (H), what 2 substances will be produced

A

Carbon dioxide and water

38
Q

What test is a good indicator of acute liver disease in dogs and cats

A

ALT

39
Q

Increased levels indicate hypoperfusion or hypoxia

A

Lactate

40
Q

Hormone that stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine

A

TSH

41
Q

Incense in this analyte indicates a persistent hyperglycemia of 2-3 months in cats

A

Hemoglobin A1C

42
Q

Increase in this analyte indicates a persistent hyperglycemia of 1-2 weeks in dogs and cats

A

Fructosamine

43
Q

Isoenzymes are present in osteoblasts, chondroblasts and hepatocytes therefore it is normal for this analyte to be elevated in very young animals

A

ALP

Clinical Pathology (9 decks)

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