Ocular

Question 1

pupil

Answer 1

dark circle
tunnel for light

Question 2

cornea

Answer 2

clear film on outside
protective layer
nerve fibers help feel medication

Question 3

lens

Answer 3

what we see with
behind everything

Question 4

iris

Answer 4

colored part
helps change shape of pupil with muscles

Question 5

optic nerve

Answer 5

the stem
transmits everything to our brain

Question 6

vitreous

Answer 6

gel in the eye keeps the shape

Question 7

retina

Answer 7

surrounds the eye
processes stuff

Question 8

sclera

Answer 8

on the outside
keeps the shape of the eye

Question 9

eye drop admin steps

Answer 9

wash hands
remove contacts
tilt head back
form pocket
hold dropper close without touching
look up and drop one drop into pocket
close eyes 2-3 min
tip head down
finger on tear duct and pressure

Question 10

eye ointment admin steps

Answer 10

wash hands
remove contacts
hold tube close without touching
tilt head back
form pocket
squeeze ribbon into pocket
blink gently
close eye 1-2 min
wipe excess

Question 11

Can I use contacts with eye drops?

Answer 11

yes, 15 mins after

Question 12

Can I use contacts with ointment?

Answer 12

not recomended

Question 13

2 drops? same med

Answer 13

wait 5 mins between drops

Question 14

2 drops? different med

Answer 14

wait 5-10 mins between drops

Question 15

2 ointments?

Answer 15

wait 30 mins between ointments

Question 16

1 ointment and 1 drop

Answer 16

drop first, 5-10 mins then ointment

Question 17

eye sig

Answer 17

O

Question 18

ear sig

Answer 18

A

Question 19

left sig

Answer 19

S

Question 20

right sig

Answer 20

D

Question 21

both sig

Answer 21

U

Question 22

bacterial conjunctivitis presentation

Answer 22

discharge, eye shut, yellow/green discharge. unilateral, crusting

Question 23

bacterial conjunctivitis treatment meds

Answer 23

antibiotics:
- erythromycin ointment
- moxifloxacin solution
- ofloxacin solution
- trimethoprim-polymyxin B

Question 24

how long to treat antibiotics?

Answer 24

5-7 days

Question 25

preferred dosage form in kids?

Answer 25

ointment

Question 26

viral conjunctivitis presentation

Answer 26

watery eyes, burning, sandy, gritty feeling, upper respiratory infection

Question 27

viral conjunctivitis treatments and meds

Answer 27

warm or cool compress
topical decongestant - limit duration of use to 72 hours to avoid rebound congestion
- naphazoline
- tetrahydrozoline

Question 28

allergic conjunctivitis presentation

Answer 28

itching, both eyes, allergic symptoms

Question 29

allergic conjunctivitis treatments and med classes

Answer 29

cool compress
antihistamines
mast cell stabilizers
multi acting agents

Question 30

antihistamines (otc)

Answer 30

olopatadine 0.1-0.7%
azelastine 0.05%
epinastine 0.05%

Question 31

mast cell stabilizers (rx only)

Answer 31

cromolyn sodium 4%
lodoxamide 0.1%
nedocromil 2%
more annoying dosing

Question 32

multi acting agents

Answer 32

ketotifin 0.025%
alcaftadine 0.025%
daily dosing!!

Question 33

uvitis presentation

Answer 33

pattered wagon wheel redness
dilated pupil
sensitivity to light

Question 34

uvitis treatment options

Answer 34

REFER
topical glucocorticoids
mydriatic/cycloplegic

Question 35

low steroids

Answer 35

dexamethasone 0.05%
dexamethasone 0.1%
medrysone 1%

Question 36

intermediate steroids

Answer 36

dexamethasone alcohol 0.1%
diflu
fluorometholone 0.1% 0.25%
loteprdnol
prednisolone acetate 0.12% pred mild
prednisolone sodium

Question 37

high steroids

Answer 37

fluorometholone acetate 0.1%
prednisolone acetate 1% Pred Forte
rimexolone 1%

Question 38

how long should someone be on uvitis treatment

Answer 38

4-6 weeks

Question 39

dry macular generation

Answer 39

90% of cases
both eyes
gradual loss of vidion

Question 40

wet macular degeneration

Answer 40

vision loss rapid
loss of central vision due to abnormal growth of new blood vessels

Question 41

what is the leading cause of blindness

Answer 41

macular degeneration

Question 42

what does areds 2 have in it

Answer 42

beta carotene
increased lung cancer risk smokers

Question 43

macular degeneration treatment

Answer 43

VEGF inhibitors injections
- bevacizumab
- ranibizumab
- aflibercept
-pegaptanib
-verteporfin

Question 44

dry eyes treatment option first line

Answer 44

tear supplementation (aqueous then lipid)
warm compress
address environmental factors
stop meds that worsen

Question 45

dry eyes treatment option second line

Answer 45

topical secretagogues
- liftegrast
-cyclosporine

Question 46

dry eyes meds aqueous supplementing

Answer 46

carboxymethylcellulose (Refresh, TheraTears)
hydroxypropylcellulose (Genteal)
PEG (Systane)

Question 47

dry eyes meds lipid supplementing

Answer 47

DMPG, mineral oil

Question 48

tear supplementation what to avoid?

Answer 48

benzalkonium chloride
preservatives

Question 49

meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) should be treated with what

Answer 49

lipid supplementing

Question 50

dry eye causing agents

Answer 50

alpha 1 antag
alpha 2 agonists
anticholinergics
antihistamines
antipsychotics
beta agonists and antagonists
bisphos
cannabin
decongest
diuretics
retinoids
contracept
antidepress
benzalk

Question 51

drug induced cataracts causes

Answer 51

corticosteroids
penothiazine
anti cancer (alkylating)
statins

Question 52

drug induced floppy eye

Answer 52

alpha 1 antagonists (prazosin)

Question 53

optic neuropathy drug induced cause

Answer 53

amiodarone
linezolid
PDE 5 inhibitors

Question 54

retinopathy drug induced cause

Answer 54

aminoquinolones, antiestrogen, phenothiazines, retinoids