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PHRM 844 > Ocular > Flashcards

Ocular Flashcards

1
Q

pupil

A

dark circle
tunnel for light

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2
Q

cornea

A

clear film on outside
protective layer
nerve fibers help feel medication

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3
Q

lens

A

what we see with
behind everything

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4
Q

iris

A

colored part
helps change shape of pupil with muscles

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5
Q

optic nerve

A

the stem
transmits everything to our brain

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6
Q

vitreous

A

gel in the eye keeps the shape

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7
Q

retina

A

surrounds the eye
processes stuff

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8
Q

sclera

A

on the outside
keeps the shape of the eye

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9
Q

eye drop admin steps

A

wash hands
remove contacts
tilt head back
form pocket
hold dropper close without touching
look up and drop one drop into pocket
close eyes 2-3 min
tip head down
finger on tear duct and pressure

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10
Q

eye ointment admin steps

A

wash hands
remove contacts
hold tube close without touching
tilt head back
form pocket
squeeze ribbon into pocket
blink gently
close eye 1-2 min
wipe excess

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11
Q

Can I use contacts with eye drops?

A

yes, 15 mins after

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12
Q

Can I use contacts with ointment?

A

not recomended

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13
Q

2 drops? same med

A

wait 5 mins between drops

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14
Q

2 drops? different med

A

wait 5-10 mins between drops

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15
Q

2 ointments?

A

wait 30 mins between ointments

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16
Q

1 ointment and 1 drop

A

drop first, 5-10 mins then ointment

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17
Q

eye sig

A

O

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18
Q

ear sig

A

A

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19
Q

left sig

A

S

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20
Q

right sig

A

D

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21
Q

both sig

A

U

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22
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis presentation

A

discharge, eye shut, yellow/green discharge. unilateral, crusting

23
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis treatment meds

A

antibiotics:
- erythromycin ointment
- moxifloxacin solution
- ofloxacin solution
- trimethoprim-polymyxin B

24
Q

how long to treat antibiotics?

A

5-7 days

25
Q

preferred dosage form in kids?

A

ointment

26
Q

viral conjunctivitis presentation

A

watery eyes, burning, sandy, gritty feeling, upper respiratory infection

27
Q

viral conjunctivitis treatments and meds

A

warm or cool compress
topical decongestant - limit duration of use to 72 hours to avoid rebound congestion
- naphazoline
- tetrahydrozoline

28
Q

allergic conjunctivitis presentation

A

itching, both eyes, allergic symptoms

29
Q

allergic conjunctivitis treatments and med classes

A

cool compress
antihistamines
mast cell stabilizers
multi acting agents

30
Q

antihistamines (otc)

A

olopatadine 0.1-0.7%
azelastine 0.05%
epinastine 0.05%

31
Q

mast cell stabilizers (rx only)

A

cromolyn sodium 4%
lodoxamide 0.1%
nedocromil 2%
more annoying dosing

32
Q

multi acting agents

A

ketotifin 0.025%
alcaftadine 0.025%
daily dosing!!

33
Q

uvitis presentation

A

pattered wagon wheel redness
dilated pupil
sensitivity to light

34
Q

uvitis treatment options

A

REFER
topical glucocorticoids
mydriatic/cycloplegic

35
Q

low steroids

A

dexamethasone 0.05%
dexamethasone 0.1%
medrysone 1%

36
Q

intermediate steroids

A

dexamethasone alcohol 0.1%
diflu
fluorometholone 0.1% 0.25%
loteprdnol
prednisolone acetate 0.12% pred mild
prednisolone sodium

37
Q

high steroids

A

fluorometholone acetate 0.1%
prednisolone acetate 1% Pred Forte
rimexolone 1%

38
Q

how long should someone be on uvitis treatment

A

4-6 weeks

39
Q

dry macular generation

A

90% of cases
both eyes
gradual loss of vidion

40
Q

wet macular degeneration

A

vision loss rapid
loss of central vision due to abnormal growth of new blood vessels

41
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness

A

macular degeneration

42
Q

what does areds 2 have in it

A

beta carotene
increased lung cancer risk smokers

43
Q

macular degeneration treatment

A

VEGF inhibitors injections
- bevacizumab
- ranibizumab
- aflibercept
-pegaptanib
-verteporfin

44
Q

dry eyes treatment option first line

A

tear supplementation (aqueous then lipid)
warm compress
address environmental factors
stop meds that worsen

45
Q

dry eyes treatment option second line

A

topical secretagogues
- liftegrast
-cyclosporine

46
Q

dry eyes meds aqueous supplementing

A

carboxymethylcellulose (Refresh, TheraTears)
hydroxypropylcellulose (Genteal)
PEG (Systane)

47
Q

dry eyes meds lipid supplementing

A

DMPG, mineral oil

48
Q

tear supplementation what to avoid?

A

benzalkonium chloride
preservatives

49
Q

meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) should be treated with what

A

lipid supplementing

50
Q

dry eye causing agents

A

alpha 1 antag
alpha 2 agonists
anticholinergics
antihistamines
antipsychotics
beta agonists and antagonists
bisphos
cannabin
decongest
diuretics
retinoids
contracept
antidepress
benzalk

51
Q

drug induced cataracts causes

A

corticosteroids
penothiazine
anti cancer (alkylating)
statins

52
Q

drug induced floppy eye

A

alpha 1 antagonists (prazosin)

53
Q

optic neuropathy drug induced cause

A

amiodarone
linezolid
PDE 5 inhibitors

54
Q

retinopathy drug induced cause

A

aminoquinolones, antiestrogen, phenothiazines, retinoids

PHRM 844 (16 decks)

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