x ray beam production

Question 1

what are the three interactions that happen between the filament electrons and the tungsden atoms on the anode side

Answer 1

between the filament electrons and the outer shells of the target atoms

between filament electrons and the nuclei of target atoms

between filament electrons and the inner shells of target atoms

Question 2

describe the interaction between filament electrons and the outer shell of target atoms

Answer 2

the negative filament electron is repelled by the outer shell electron of the target atom causing the filament electron to deviate from its original path

this also results in a loss of kinetic energy which is emmited as a photon of electromagnetic radiation and theis photon of energy falls into the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum producing heat to the target material

Question 3

why is the interaction between the filament electron and the outer shell of the target atom the most common interaction

Answer 3

this is due to the high atomic number of tungsden (74) this means there are 74 electrons orbiting the nucleus. this means more outer shell reactions will be involved

Question 4

describe the interaction between filament electrons and the inner shell electrons of target atoms

Answer 4

these filament electrons interact with the electrons orbiting the K or L shells of target atoms

when the filament electron strikes the electron of the inner shell of the target atom. it strikes it with enough energy to eject it from its shell

this ejected electrong then goes and interacts with other atoms until it has lost all of its energy

after this electron has been ejected, there is now a vacancy in the k shell of the target electron that needs to be filled so an electron further away from the nucleus drops down to fill it losing energy in the process

this loss of energy is emmited ans a photon of electromagnetic radiation

Question 5

explain the xray photon energy produced when a filament electron interacts with the inner shell of tungsten

Answer 5

when the vacancy in the k shell of a target electron is filled, the xray photon energy would be a sum of the binding energy of the recieving shell minus the binding energy of the donating shell

tungsten k shell binding energy is 69.5 and the binding energy of the L shell is 10.2 so when the electron from the L shell is donated to the K shell, the xray photon energy would equal 59.3kev

these energies differ between different materials which is why it is called characteristic radiation

Question 6

how are k-alpha xray photona and k-beta xray pohotons produced

Answer 6

k-alpha xray photons are produced when an electron from the L-shell of a target atom is donated to the K-shell of a target atom

k-beta xray photons are produced when an electron from the M-shell of a target atom is donated to the K-shell of a target atom

Question 7

what are the two types of interactions that take place between the filament electrons and the nuclei of target atoms

Answer 7

inelastic and elastic interactions

Question 8

explain elastic interactions between the filament electrons and the nuclie of target atoms

Answer 8

the incoming filament electron is attracted by the nuclei of the target atom and the closer the electron gets to the nucleus, the further it is deviated from its original path

this serves to provide the elctron with a more complex path without much energy transfer or lost energy

Question 9

explain the inelastic interaction between the filament electron and the nuclei of the target atom
(bremsstraluhng radiation)

Answer 9

the incoming filament electron passes closely to the nucleus causing it to experience a force of attraction causing it to move towards the nucleus deviating it fromits original path

this deviation causes there to be a disruption in the electromagnetic field which causes an x ray photon to be emitted

the filament electron continues on its course at a reduced speed due to a loss in kinetic energy

Question 10

what happens if a filament electron comes into full contact with the nucleus

Answer 10

100% of its kinetic energy is emitted as an x ray photon

Question 11

why is a beam of bremsstralung radiation reffered to as a heterogenous beam

Answer 11

because it contains photons of differing energies

Question 12

why are beams of characteristic radiation reffered to as homogenous beams

Answer 12

because they contain photons that all have the same energy

Question 13

which factors affect the xray photon energy produced during an inelastic interaction between the nucleus and the filament electron

Answer 13

the closer the filament electron travels towards the nucleus the stronger the force of attraction will be meaning the xray photon energy produced will be greater