Blood infection, antibacterial therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Community-Acquired Septicaemia:

Q: What are the initial antibiotics of choice for community-acquired septicaemia?
A: A broad-spectrum **antipseudomonal **penicillin (e.g., piperacillin with tazobactam, ticarcillin with clavulanic acid) or a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g., cefuroxime).

Q: What should be added if meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is suspected in community-acquired septicaemia?
A: Add vancomycin (or teicoplanin).

Q: When should metronidazole be added in community-acquired septicaemia?
A: It should be added if anaerobic infection is suspected to the broad-spectrum cephalosporin.

Q: What should be used in community-acquired septicaemia if other resistant microorganisms are suspected?
A: Use a more broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibacterial (e.g., meropenem).

Hospital-Acquired Septicaemia:

Q: What are the initial antibiotics of choice for hospital-acquired septicaemia?
A: A broad-spectrum antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibacterial (e.g., piperacillin with tazobactam, ticarcillin with clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, imipenem with cilastatin, or meropenem).
Septicaemia Related to Vascular Catheter:

Q: What is the treatment for septicaemia related to vascular catheter?
A: Vancomycin (or teicoplanin). If Gram-negative sepsis is suspected, especially in the immunocompromised, add a broad-spectrum antipseudomonal beta-lactam.

Q: When should you consider removing the vascular catheter in septicaemia related to vascular catheter?
A: Consider removing the vascular catheter, particularly if the infection is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, or Candida species.

Meningococcal Septicaemia:

Q: What should be administered if meningococcal disease is suspected?
A: A single dose of **benzylpenicillin **sodium should be given before urgent transfer to the hospital. Cefotaxime may be an alternative in penicillin allergy, and chloramphenicol may be used if there is a history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin or cephalosporins.

Q: What antibiotics are recommended for meningococcal septicaemia after transfer to the hospital?
A: Benzylpenicillin sodium or cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone). If there’s a history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin or cephalosporins, chloramphenicol can be used.

Q: How can nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococcal bacteria be eliminated?
A: To eliminate nasopharyngeal carriage, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, or ceftriaxone may be used.

A

Community-Acquired Septicaemia:

Q: What are the initial antibiotics of choice for community-acquired septicaemia?
A: A broad-spectrum antipseudomonal penicillin (e.g., piperacillin with tazobactam, ticarcillin with clavulanic acid) or a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g., cefuroxime).

Q: What should be added if meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is suspected in community-acquired septicaemia?
A: Add vancomycin (or teicoplanin).

Q: When should metronidazole be added in community-acquired septicaemia?
A: It should be added if anaerobic infection is suspected to the broad-spectrum cephalosporin.

Q: What should be used in community-acquired septicaemia if other resistant microorganisms are suspected?
A: Use a more broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibacterial (e.g., meropenem).

Hospital-Acquired Septicaemia:

Q: What are the initial antibiotics of choice for hospital-acquired septicaemia?
A: A broad-spectrum antipseudomonal beta-lactam antibacterial (e.g., piperacillin with tazobactam, ticarcillin with clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, imipenem with cilastatin, or meropenem).
Septicaemia Related to Vascular Catheter:

Q: What is the treatment for septicaemia related to vascular catheter?
A: Vancomycin (or teicoplanin). If Gram-negative sepsis is suspected, especially in the immunocompromised, add a broad-spectrum antipseudomonal beta-lactam.

Q: When should you consider removing the vascular catheter in septicaemia related to vascular catheter?
A: Consider removing the vascular catheter, particularly if the infection is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, or Candida species.

Meningococcal Septicaemia:

Q: What should be administered if meningococcal disease is suspected?
A: A single dose of benzylpenicillin sodium should be given before urgent transfer to the hospital. Cefotaxime may be an alternative in penicillin allergy, and chloramphenicol may be used if there is a history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin or cephalosporins.

Q: What antibiotics are recommended for meningococcal septicaemia after transfer to the hospital?
A: Benzylpenicillin sodium or cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone). If there’s a history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin or cephalosporins, chloramphenicol can be used.

Q: How can nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococcal bacteria be eliminated?
A: To eliminate nasopharyngeal carriage, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, or ceftriaxone may be used.

These flashcards can help you remember the key points for the treatment of different types of septicaemia and the choice of antibiotics based on the suspected pathogens.

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