Blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

How is blood pressure calculated?

A

Cardiac output x TPR

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2
Q

What signalment can be associated with SHT in dogs?

A

Older male dogs
Greyhounds

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3
Q

Is obesity a risk factor for SHT in dogs/cats?

A

No

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of SHT in dogs and cats?

A

Kidney disease

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5
Q

What are the mechanisms through which renal disease contributes to SHT?

A

RAAS activation (systemic and intrarenal)
Impaired Na excretion
Increased intravascular volume
SNS stimulation
Arterial changes
Endothelial dysfunction
Lack of NO
Increased endothelin
Oxidative stress

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6
Q

What conditions are associated with the development of SHT?

A

Kidney disease
HAC
Adrenal tumours - hyperaldosteronism and pheo
Hyperthyroidism
DM
Idiopathic

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7
Q

What are the possible clinical manifestations of hypertension?

A

Ocular - choroid-patchy/retinopathy
Vascular
Cardiac
Renal
CNS
Epistaxis

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8
Q

What is the mechanism for hypertensive encephalopathy?

A

Loss of auto regulation, altered BBB leads to vasogenic oedema
Secondary vasoconstriction can lead to ischaemia and oedema

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9
Q

Which areas of the brain are most affected by hypertensive encephalopathy?

A

White matter
Cerebral cortex

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10
Q

Hydralazine MOA

A

Direct arteriolar dilator

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11
Q

What medications should be avoided in animals with SHT?

A

Steroids, EPO, phenylpropanolamine

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12
Q

What are the possible causes of systemic hypotension?

A

Reduced preload, cardiac dysfunction, decreased vascular tone

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13
Q

How does the presentation of sepsis/SIRS differ in dogs and cats?

A

Cats tend to have bradycardia rather than tachycardia and rarely have injected mucous membranes

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14
Q

Ddx hypotension

A

pg 673

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15
Q

How is blood pressure affected by activation of the arachidonic acid cascade?

A

Prostacyclin - vasodilator
Thromboxane - vasocontrictor

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16
Q

How is NO production altered in sepsis?

A

Significant increase in inducible form

17
Q
A