Test Prep 2

Question 1

Who does Herman argue was the most influential thinker of the Enlightenment?

Answer 1

John Locke

Question 2

Enlightenment thinkers rejected Plato completely. (T/F)

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which one of the following was NOT an idea of the Enlightenment? (pgs. 364-365)
A.
Man is an individual.
B.
Man was a part of the Great Chain of Being.
C.
The way to understand the world is through observation and analysis.
D.
The key to happiness is understanding how the world works.

Answer 3

B)

Question 4

What did Locke believe about knowledge?

Answer 4

Humans come to the world with a blank slate and learn through experience.

Question 5

According to Locke, how do we know if what we think about the world is actually true?

Answer 5

If it bears practical fruit

Question 6

According to Enlightenment thinkers, slave labor was cheaper than willing labor. (T/F)

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What new moral perspective emerged during the Enlightenment?

Answer 7

The idea of politeness

Question 8

Which city was dubbed the “Athens of the North”?

Answer 8

Edinburgh

Question 9

Who helped create the first theory of human progress?

Answer 9

Kames

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the four stages of human progress?

Answer 10

The agrarian stage

Question 11

Which stage was considered the highest of human growth?

Answer 11

Commercial

Question 12

According the Enlightenment thinkers, commerce is what allows for liberty. (T/F)

Answer 12

True

Question 13

According to Herman, what was David Hume’s most important contribution?

Answer 13

The idea of self-interest

Question 14

Who wrote the famous book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations?

Answer 14

Adam Smith

Question 15

The Wealth of Nations is purely a work on economics. (T/F)

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Why did Jean-Jacques Rousseau move to France?

Answer 16

He was trying to become famous

Question 17

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the world needed to be delivered from what?

Answer 17

Enlightenment and art

Question 18

Who was Rousseau’s mentor/teacher?

Answer 18

He was self-taught

Question 19

In Rousseau’s world, natural man is _______ and civilized man is ______.

Answer 19

Strong, virile, and altruistic; weak, effeminate, and greedy.

Question 20

The main thrust of (Rousseau’s) Platonic critique of his age boils down to two simple propositions: capitalism brings out the worst in us…(and) if men are to be happy, love of self must be replaced by the love of community. (T/F)

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What “will” did Rousseau believe each person should comply with because it is “his true, better self”?

Answer 21

General will

Question 22

Rousseau believed that virtue and reason go together and support each other. (T/F)

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What was Kant’s vision for the world?

Answer 23

A single cosmopolitan culture and a single world government.

Question 24

Rousseau believed that Christianity played a vital role in helping men and women be moral and free. (T/F)

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What demographic (ironically) turned in “droves” to read Rousseau’s works?

Answer 25

Educated women

Question 26

Which of the following helped establish funds for publishing Rousseau’s forgotten musical works?

Answer 26

Benjamin Franklin and Marie Antoinette

Question 27

What kind of political systems did America and Britain adopt?

Answer 27

A system based on Aristotle's ideas

Question 28

What kind of political systems did France try to adopt?

Answer 28

A system modeled after Rousseau's ideas.

Question 29

Who was the first true modern dictator?

Answer 29

Robespierre

Question 30

Who dubbed Rousseau “the insane Socrates” of the French Revolution?

Answer 30

Edmund Burke

Question 31

Ockham’s razor eliminates unnecessary duplication or complication. (T/F)

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Which of the following did Roger Bacon not study? (p. 243) A. Hebrew, Arabic, and Chaldean B. Alchemy C. Psychology D. Anatomy

Answer 32

C. Psychology

Question 33

Who created Europe’s first laboratory?

Answer 33

Roger Bacon

Question 34

Roger Bacon was only concerned with the future, not the past. (T/F)

Answer 34

False

Question 35

What major question did Ockham resolve?

Answer 35

The idea of universals

Question 36

According to Ockham, what is the only way to know truth?

Answer 36

Through the senses

Question 37

According to Pope Boniface, who has the higher power?

Answer 37

The papacy

Question 38

Where did King Philip persuade Clement V to move the papacy?

Answer 38

Avignon

Question 39

Why was Cesena charged with heresy?

Answer 39

He taught that Jesus and the Apostles owned nothing.

Question 40

Who did Ockham teach had the authority to depose a pope?

Answer 40

The people

Question 41

As a result of the Great Schism, how many popes were there?

Answer 41

Two

Question 42

The conciliarist movement was successful and long lasting. (T/F)

Answer 42

False

Question 43

As result of Ockham’s arguments, the papacy now had limited authority. (T/F)

Answer 43

False

Question 44

As a result of studying Aristotle so rigidly, _________ were lost.

Answer 44

Innovation and Curiosity

Question 45

Which family essentially ruled Milan during the late 1300’s?

Answer 45

The Visconti family

Question 46

What killed off over a third of Italy’s population in 1348?

Answer 46

The plague

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a tactic that Visconti used in his efforts to gain power in Italy? (p. 264) A. Portrayed himself on coins. B. Distributed pamphlets portraying himself as the successor to the caesars. C. Hired propagandists. D. He married into the wealthiest family in Asia.

Answer 47

D)

Question 48

The citizen contributes to a free self-governing community in not one but two ways: practicing the virtues of the free man, and being engaged in civic life (T/F)

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What kept Gian Galeazzo from becoming the king of Italy?

Answer 49

He died

Question 50

The Renaissance period was initiated in part by the sudden upsurge of confidence and energy that flowed into Florentine life following the death of Gian Galeazzo (T/F)

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Which country was the home to the rediscovery of Roman civil law during the Middle Ages?

Answer 51

Italy

Question 52

According to Vasari, why did “all the key ingredients of Renaissance culture first appear in Florence”?

Answer 52

The city’s freedom, which inspired the spirit of criticism

Question 53

The Renaissance humanist focused only on four subjects. Which of the following was NOT one of those subjects: (p. 269) A. History B. Greek and Roman literature C. Moral philosophy D. Art E. Rhetoric

Answer 53

D) Art

Question 54

Who answered the question of “why freedom fails” and why men and women are subjected to slavery and other captivity?

Answer 54

Machiavelli

Question 55

Who rewrote the constitution to empower Florence’s lower middle class?

Answer 55

Savonarola

Question 56

Who conquered Florence in 1512?

Answer 56

Spain

Question 57

“When it comes to liberty, nothing fails like _______.”

Answer 57

Success

Question 58

What is Machiavelli’s The Prince about?

Answer 58

Politics, freedom, and power

Question 59

What happened at the battle of Prato?

Answer 59

The Florentines ran away and gave up freedom for their lives.