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Psych 201 > Test Prep 2 > Flashcards

Test Prep 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who does Herman argue was the most influential thinker of the Enlightenment?

A

John Locke

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2
Q

Enlightenment thinkers rejected Plato completely. (T/F)

A

True

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3
Q

Which one of the following was NOT an idea of the Enlightenment? (pgs. 364-365)
A.
Man is an individual.
B.
Man was a part of the Great Chain of Being.
C.
The way to understand the world is through observation and analysis.
D.
The key to happiness is understanding how the world works.

A

B)

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4
Q

What did Locke believe about knowledge?

A

Humans come to the world with a blank slate and learn through experience.

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5
Q

According to Locke, how do we know if what we think about the world is actually true?

A

If it bears practical fruit

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6
Q

According to Enlightenment thinkers, slave labor was cheaper than willing labor. (T/F)

A

False

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7
Q

What new moral perspective emerged during the Enlightenment?

A

The idea of politeness

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8
Q

Which city was dubbed the “Athens of the North”?

A

Edinburgh

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9
Q

Who helped create the first theory of human progress?

A

Kames

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10
Q

Which of the following is one of the four stages of human progress?

A

The agrarian stage

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11
Q

Which stage was considered the highest of human growth?

A

Commercial

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12
Q

According the Enlightenment thinkers, commerce is what allows for liberty. (T/F)

A

True

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13
Q

According to Herman, what was David Hume’s most important contribution?

A

The idea of self-interest

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14
Q

Who wrote the famous book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations?

A

Adam Smith

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15
Q

The Wealth of Nations is purely a work on economics. (T/F)

A

False

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16
Q

Why did Jean-Jacques Rousseau move to France?

A

He was trying to become famous

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17
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the world needed to be delivered from what?

A

Enlightenment and art

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18
Q

Who was Rousseau’s mentor/teacher?

A

He was self-taught

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19
Q

In Rousseau’s world, natural man is _______ and civilized man is ______.

A

Strong, virile, and altruistic; weak, effeminate, and greedy.

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20
Q

The main thrust of (Rousseau’s) Platonic critique of his age boils down to two simple propositions: capitalism brings out the worst in us…(and) if men are to be happy, love of self must be replaced by the love of community. (T/F)

A

True

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21
Q

What “will” did Rousseau believe each person should comply with because it is “his true, better self”?

A

General will

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22
Q

Rousseau believed that virtue and reason go together and support each other. (T/F)

A

False

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23
Q

What was Kant’s vision for the world?

A

A single cosmopolitan culture and a single world government.

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24
Q

Rousseau believed that Christianity played a vital role in helping men and women be moral and free. (T/F)

A

False

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25
Q

What demographic (ironically) turned in “droves” to read Rousseau’s works?

A

Educated women

26
Q

Which of the following helped establish funds for publishing Rousseau’s forgotten musical works?

A

Benjamin Franklin and Marie Antoinette

27
Q

What kind of political systems did America and Britain adopt?

A

A system based on Aristotle’s ideas

28
Q

What kind of political systems did France try to adopt?

A

A system modeled after Rousseau’s ideas.

29
Q

Who was the first true modern dictator?

A

Robespierre

30
Q

Who dubbed Rousseau “the insane Socrates” of the French Revolution?

A

Edmund Burke

31
Q

Ockham’s razor eliminates unnecessary duplication or complication. (T/F)

A

True

32
Q

Which of the following did Roger Bacon not study? (p. 243)
A.
Hebrew, Arabic, and Chaldean
B.
Alchemy
C.
Psychology
D.
Anatomy

A

C. Psychology

33
Q

Who created Europe’s first laboratory?

A

Roger Bacon

34
Q

Roger Bacon was only concerned with the future, not the past. (T/F)

A

False

35
Q

What major question did Ockham resolve?

A

The idea of universals

36
Q

According to Ockham, what is the only way to know truth?

A

Through the senses

37
Q

According to Pope Boniface, who has the higher power?

A

The papacy

38
Q

Where did King Philip persuade Clement V to move the papacy?

A

Avignon

39
Q

Why was Cesena charged with heresy?

A

He taught that Jesus and the Apostles owned nothing.

40
Q

Who did Ockham teach had the authority to depose a pope?

A

The people

41
Q

As a result of the Great Schism, how many popes were there?

A

Two

42
Q

The conciliarist movement was successful and long lasting. (T/F)

A

False

43
Q

As result of Ockham’s arguments, the papacy now had limited authority. (T/F)

A

False

44
Q

As a result of studying Aristotle so rigidly, _________ were lost.

A

Innovation and Curiosity

45
Q

Which family essentially ruled Milan during the late 1300’s?

A

The Visconti family

46
Q

What killed off over a third of Italy’s population in 1348?

A

The plague

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a tactic that Visconti used in his efforts to gain power in Italy? (p. 264)
A.
Portrayed himself on coins.
B.
Distributed pamphlets portraying himself as the successor to the caesars.
C.
Hired propagandists.
D.
He married into the wealthiest family in Asia.

A

D)

48
Q

The citizen contributes to a free self-governing community in not one but two ways: practicing the virtues of the free man, and being engaged in civic life (T/F)

A

True

49
Q

What kept Gian Galeazzo from becoming the king of Italy?

A

He died

50
Q

The Renaissance period was initiated in part by the sudden upsurge of confidence and energy that flowed into Florentine life following the death of Gian Galeazzo (T/F)

A

True

51
Q

Which country was the home to the rediscovery of Roman civil law during the Middle Ages?

A

Italy

52
Q

According to Vasari, why did “all the key ingredients of Renaissance culture first appear in Florence”?

A

The city’s freedom, which inspired the spirit of criticism

53
Q

The Renaissance humanist focused only on four subjects. Which of the following was NOT one of those subjects: (p. 269)
A.
History
B.
Greek and Roman literature
C.
Moral philosophy
D.
Art
E.
Rhetoric

A

D) Art

54
Q

Who answered the question of “why freedom fails” and why men and women are subjected to slavery and other captivity?

A

Machiavelli

55
Q

Who rewrote the constitution to empower Florence’s lower middle class?

A

Savonarola

56
Q

Who conquered Florence in 1512?

A

Spain

57
Q

“When it comes to liberty, nothing fails like _______.”

A

Success

58
Q

What is Machiavelli’s The Prince about?

A

Politics, freedom, and power

59
Q

What happened at the battle of Prato?

A

The Florentines ran away and gave up freedom for their lives.

60
Q
A

Psych 201 (6 decks)

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