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NTDT401 > Vitamin E > Flashcards

Vitamin E Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

How many Vit E vitamers are there

A

8: 4 tocopherols (tocols) and 4 tocotrienols (trienols)

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3
Q

Describe tocopherols

A

saturated side chains; a>b>y>g

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4
Q

Describe tocotrienols

A

unsaturated side chains; only a has significant biological activity

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5
Q

Food sources

A

leafy and green vegetables, soybeans, bran/germ

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6
Q

What is a low source of Vit E

A

animal products

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7
Q

What is the most efficient form of Vit E

A

Alpha-Tocopherol (1mg = a-tcopherol)

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8
Q

How is Vit E found in diet

A

free or attached to fatty acids

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9
Q

Digestion of Vit E

A

esterases, bile salts, micelle formation, incorporation into CMs

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10
Q

What % of Vit E is absorbed

A

20-50%

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11
Q

How is Vit E distributed to tissues

A

via LDL transport

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12
Q

Where is Vit E located in cells

A

cell membrane

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13
Q

Where is Vit E stored

A

adipocytes; liver, lung, heart, muscle, adrenal glands

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14
Q

Main functions of Vit E

A
  1. Maintenance of membrane integrity
  2. Antioxidant function within phospholipids of cellular membranes
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15
Q

Define free radical

A

atom or group of atoms possessing an unpaired electron

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16
Q

How does vit E eliminate lipid radicals and peroxyl radicals

A

terminated chain-propagation reactions by donating H to LOO or L

17
Q

Is Vit E regenerated

A

yes; by other antioxidants

18
Q

How does Vit E reduce the risk of heart disease

A

may reduce oxidation of LDL-C to oxidized LDL; must be a natural form in high intakes

19
Q

What does oxidized LDL cause

A

plaque buildup from foam cell formation

20
Q

What other disease states may Vit E help

A

Type 2 Diabetes, Cataracts, iron toxicity

21
Q

Nutrient interactions

A

Selenium: needed as cofactor in antioxidant reactions

Increased PUFA consumption= increased Vit. E requirements

Vit E protects B-carotene and products

22
Q

How is Vit. E excreted

A

oxidation of chromonal ring –> via bile into feces

23
Q

DRI/RDA

A

15 mg/d a-tocopherol equivalents

24
Q

daily value

A

30 IU = 20mg

25
Q

UL

A

1000mg/d

26
Q

Deficiency

A

uncommon except is fat malabsorption (cystic fibrosis, cholestasis)

27
Q

signs of deficiency

A

retinal degradation, hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, degenerative neurologic problems

28
Q

toxicity

A

relatively safe; hard to overconsume–> May increase risk of brain hemorrhaging

29
Q

Assessment (in vitro)

A

erythrocyte malondialdehyde test AND/OR erythrocyte hemolysis test

30
Q

Assessment (in vivo)

A

breath pentane test

NTDT401 (20 decks)

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