w9 - Personality Processes and Dynamics

Question 1

The Big Five is an example of a …

Answer 1

Trait taxonomy

Question 2

What is a key strength of a HEXACO taxonomy?

Answer 2

Seems more robust than the B5 across a broader range of language groups

Question 3

Which factors of the B5 have been reconfigured in HEXACO ?

Answer 3

Neuroticism and Agreeableness

Question 4

The B5 provides a parsimonious and comprehensive taxonomy and discription.
True or False ?

Answer 4

False.

B5 is relatively parsimonious and relatively comprehensive

Question 5

Where can we find more precision in the B5. ?

Answer 5

Lower order traits

Question 6

What is the bandwidth-fidelity trade-off?

Answer 6

The broader the trait the more parsimonious they are. But this is at the expense of fidelity and comprehensiveness

and vise-versa

Question 7

What are dispositional traits ?

Answer 7

Broad descriptions of stable patterns of behaviour and experience

Question 8

2 ways of understanding the word ‘trait’ ?

Answer 8

1. Traits are the cause of our behaviour (an input)
2. Traits are behaviour / experience itself (output)

Question 9

How do latent variable models see traits ?

Answer 9

As inputs

Question 9

criticism of traits as inputs

We measure traits by asking people to describe their behaviour and experience

What is the problem?

Answer 9

This means it is viewing traits as an input and a cause

poor fit with operational definitions

Question 10

What is the tautological trap of decribing traits as inputs

Answer 10

if a trait is a pattern of behaviour and experience. How can it also be the cause of those patterns

Question 11

Traits as ‘outputs’

What is the Distribution Density Hypothesis ?

Answer 11

Personaility traits reflect the ‘density’ (central tendency, eg. mean) of distribution of state expressions

Question 12

If someone is high on one factor, what are we saying?

Answer 12

There central tendency is higher, more dense. Ultimately more time is spent in associated states

Question 13

Which model considers traits as emergent coherences between networks of affect, behaviour, and cognition?

Answer 13

Dynamic network model

Lanent views traits as causes

Question 14

Dynamic models

What is used to describe the stable patterns in our personality, when there is no underlying cause?

Answer 14

Network equilibrium

Maintained by interdependencies within the network

Question 15

What is one underlying cause of personality stability ?

Answer 15

Genes.

Question 16

Density distribution hypothesis

Traits are …

Answer 16

Summaries of stable patterns of behaviour and experience

Question 17

List two methods of summarising traits ?

Answer 17

1. Content Analysis : asked participants to rate how relevent each item was to a trait
2. Analyses of personality judgments

Question 18

Name way finding that supports personality traits through an analyese of personaility judgments

Answer 18

The high correlation between our different people perceive a individual other

Imperfect correlation

Question 19

Which trait is generally more agreed when ones peers reports on an individuals pesonality

Answer 19

Extraversion.

Question 20

What is a self-other agreement ?

Answer 20

The correlation between how the self rated their personality, and the judges rated their personality

Question 21

What is likely to increase the self-other agreement ?

Answer 21

The amount of information presented to a judge.

Question 22

The self-other agreement should not be synonomous with … ?

Answer 22

Accuracy.

Question 23

One factor affecting trait visibility, is whether it is highly visible? What trait is highly visible?

Answer 23

Extraversion. Lots of outward and obvious displays of this trait

can register from a photograph shown for 50-ms !

Question 24

apart from visibility features of a trait

What else affects trait visibility?

Answer 24

Context.

Question 25

Trait-relevent information affects … ?

Answer 25

Visibility.

Both context and specific trait factors.

Question 26

What traits do strangers generally utilise valid cues for ?

Answer 26

E, A, and C

openess is not correlated

Question 27

Drawing wrong inferences on valid cues

What trait is there a strong divergence for?

Answer 27

N