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Pediatrics > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Head and Neck Gross Motor of Newborn

A

Barely able to lift head

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2
Q

What is the moro reflex and when does it disappear?

A

Startle; 4 months

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3
Q

What is the rooting reflex and when does it disappear?

A

turns toward cheek stroke; 3 months

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4
Q

When does the sucking reflex disappear?

A

2-5 months

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5
Q

When does the palmar grasp reflex disappear?

A

4-6 months

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6
Q

When does the plantar grasp reflex disappear?

A

9 months

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7
Q

Head and Neck Gross Motor 6 months

A

Lifts head, chest, upper abdomen and can bear weight on arms

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8
Q

When does the babinski reflex disappear?

A

12 months

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9
Q

Sitting gross motor 2 months

A

needs assistance; some core muscle

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10
Q

Sitting gross motor 6 months

A

can sit alone in the tripod position; unstable

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11
Q

Sitting gross motor 8 months

A

can sit without support and engage in play

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12
Q

When does a baby start rolling and how do they accomplish this

A

4-5 months from tummies to back first, then back to front..

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13
Q

When can a child stand independently from crawl position?

A

1 year

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14
Q

When can a child child/toddle quickly?

A

13 months

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15
Q

When should a child be able to run?

A

15 months

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16
Q

Fine motor of newborn

A

Objects involuntarily grasped and dropped without notice

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17
Q

Fine motor of 4 month

A

arm control; batting at mobile above crib

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18
Q

Fine motor of 6 month old

A

Palmar grasp; uses entire hand

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19
Q

Fine motor of 9 month old

A

Pincer grasp; uses thumb and forefinger

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20
Q

Speech and language 8-9 months

A

mama/dada as sounds

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20
Q

Speech and language 1-2 months

A

coos

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21
Q

Speech and language 10-12 months

A

mama/dada to communicate

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22
Q

Speech and language 18-20 months

A

20-30 words; 50% understood by strangers

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23
Q

Speech and language 22-24 months

A

2 word sentences, 75% understood by strangers

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24
Q

Speech and language 30-36 months

A

Almost all speech understood by strangers

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25
Q

Describe Infant Play

A

Solitary play: won’t play with another baby beside them or share

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26
Q

At what age is a fisted position of hand a red flag?

A

6 months

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27
Q

At what age is not bringing hands to midline a red flag

A

10 months

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28
Q

At what age is not smiling a red flag

A

4 months

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29
Q

Describe the gross motor of a toddler

A

walks, runs, kicks and throws, can jump on one foot

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30
Q

Fine motor of 12 month old

A

transfers object from hand to hand

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31
Q

Fine motor of 24 month

A

Begins to color, turn pages of books, builds tower

32
Q

Fine motor of 36 months

A

Colors within the lines

33
Q

Fine motor of 5 year old

A

beginning to write letters/write their name, draws person with some body parts/picture that anybody can recognize

34
Q

When does stranger anxiety subside?

A

2.5-3

35
Q

Describe toddler play

A

Parallel Play: beside, but not with eachother

36
Q

What age is not walking a red flag?

A

18 months

37
Q

Describe red flags in assessment of a toddler

A
  • unaware of environmental changes
  • poor/no eye contact
  • difficulty calming self
  • not responding to noise
  • not engaging in pretend play
38
Q

What are the fine motor/cognitive skills of a preschool child?

A
  • Buttoning clothing
  • Holding a crayon / pencil
  • Building with small blocks
  • Using scissors
  • Playing a board game
  • Have child draw picture of himself
39
Q

What type of play do preschool children engage in?

A

Associative Play: begin to interact with each other and become helpful

40
Q

What are potential red flags in preschool age children?

A
  • lack of socialization
  • inability to carry out self care tasks
  • unable to undo large buttons
41
Q

At what age do children usually join team sports

A

6-8

42
Q

What kind of play do school aged children engage in?

A

Cooperative Play: Playing together as a team

42
Q

What are potential red flags in school age children?

A
  • lack of friends
  • academic failure
  • aggressive behaviour
43
Q

What is the typical weight gain from 2-6 months?

A

10-30 grams/day or 70-210 grams/week

44
Q

What is the typical height advancement from 2-6 months?

A

1.5cm/month

45
Q

What is the typical gain in head circumference from 2-6months?

A

1.5cm/months

45
Q

Describe the weight of a child at 5 and 12 months compared to birth?

A

Doubles then triples

46
Q

Define the growth spurt girls undergo

A

gain about 7-25 kg over 2-3 years
Height - 11-30 cm

47
Q

Define the growth spurt boys undergo

A

gain 7-29.5 kg over 2-3 years
Height - 11-30 cm

48
Q

When should solid foods/cups be introduced?

A

6 months

49
Q

What psychosocial stage are infants in?

A

trust vs mistrust

50
Q

What is the psychosocial stage of a 2 year old?

A

Autonomy v Shame/Doubt; individuation from parents

51
Q

What growth/development stage exhibits negativism?

A

Toddlers

52
Q

When is toilet training generally complete?

A

3-5 years with myelination of the spinal cord

53
Q

What psychosocial stage is a preschool child in?

A

Initiative vs Guilt

54
Q

What area undergoes the biggest refinement in preschool children?

A

Fine motor

55
Q

What area of growth is most rapid in school aged children?

A

Social and cognitive, as physical slows

56
Q

What psychosocial stage do school aged children undergo?

A

Industry vs Inferiority

57
Q

What psychosocial stage do adolescence undergo?

A

Identity vs Role Confusion

58
Q

Define autosomal dominant inheritance

A

A single copy of the mutated gene from one parent is enough to cause the disorder.

If you have the gene you have the disorder.

59
Q

What % chance does a child have of receiving of an autosomal dominant condition is a parent is affected?

A

50%

60
Q

True or false: Autosomal Dominant Inheritance is gender specific

A

False

61
Q

Explain Autosomal Recessive Disorders

A

Two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease/trait to develop.

62
Q

If both parents are carriers of a autosomal recessive disorder, what are the chances each child receives it?

A

Each child has 50% chance of being a carrier and 25% chance of inheriting the disorder

63
Q

Huntington’s is an example of a: _________ inheritance disorder

A

Autosomal Dominant

64
Q

Cystic Fibrosis is an example of a ____________ inheritance disorder

A

Autosomal Recessive

65
Q

Why are men more at risk for x-linked recessive disorders?

A

Males only have one X and a single recessive gene on the X will cause the disease.

Women are protected by second X.

Men WILL receive their X from their mother, so the male child of a female carrier has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition/gene.

66
Q

What are the 2 types of chromosomal abnormalities?

A

Numerical and Structural

67
Q

Define structural chromosomal abnormality

A

Part of chromosome is added or missing

67
Q

Define numerical chromosomal abnormality

A

Entire single chromosome is added or missing

68
Q

Define trisomy

A

When each body cell contains an extra copy of one chromosome

69
Q

Which type of chromosomal abnormality is down syndrome?

A

Trisomy/numerical

Every cell contains 3 copies of chromosome 21

70
Q

Define monosomy

A

Occurs when each cell has a missing chromosome

71
Q

Define Turner’s Syndrome

A

The only monosomy condition compatible with life; single X in females

72
Q

Define Klinefelter Syndrome

A

Occurs in boys who have an extra

No super obvious red flags (language delay, auditory processing)

73
Q

What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

An X-Linked Recessive Disorder in boys

74
Q

What are the symptoms and when do they occur of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Onset in first 3-4 years

-Pseudohypertrophy of calves
- Loss of endurance/strength in legs and pelvis

75
Q

What is a sign of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Using arm strength to stand as opposed to legs

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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