Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Before birth, what provides nutrients?

A

Placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe structure and maturity of GI tract at birth, and what does this cause

A

Structurally complete, immature

Increased incidence of vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sucking is a reflex until

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why should any baby born before 34 weeks not be fed orally?

A

No sucking reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stomach capacity at birth

A

1 tablespoon, 15ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In newborns, stomach distention can lead to

A

Respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When can solids begin to be digested

A

4 months, when pancreatic enzymes begin to be produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intestinal motility/peristalsis is ___________ in newborns

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When are pancreatic enzymes produced

A

4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does liver maturation occur?

A

first year of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

By what age should a child be having 3 meals a day?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When should a child gain excretory control?

A

2-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do children have more urine/kg?

A

inability to concentrate urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common and serious acquired GI disorder in hospitalized preterm neonates?

A

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does NEC appear

A

First 2 weeks of life after milk feeding begun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are factors thought to cause NEC?

A

intestinal ischemia, bacterial/viral infection, lack of breast feedings, immaturity of intestine, low birth weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristic symptoms of NEC

A

distention, irritability, quick deterioration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the treatment following the physical assessment (positive x-ray) of a baby with NEC

A

Quick deterioration!!!
Treatment is prompt
> NPO
> IV fluids
> ABX
> Sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5 Long Term Complications of NEC

A

Malabsorption
Short bowel
Scarring causing obstruction following surgery
Scarring within abdomen causing pain and female infertility
Venous problems r/t long term TPN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

5 Complications of Prematurity

A
  1. Intraventricular Hemorrhage
  2. Retinopathy of Prematurity
  3. Feeding/nutrition
  4. Anemia
  5. Respiratory Distress Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 Causes of Acute GI disorders (dehydration/vomiting)

A
  1. Infection
  2. Structural Anomalies
  3. Neurologic
  4. Endocrine
  5. Food poisoning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Viral Causes of Diarrhea

A
  1. Rotovirus
  2. Adenovirus
  3. Norwalk
  4. Cytomegalovirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bacterial Causes of Diarrhea

A
  1. Salmonella
  2. E. Coli
  3. Shigella
  4. C. Diff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Assessment of Patient with mild dehydration:

A

alert, soft/flat fontanelles, normal eyes, pink moist oral mucosa, elastic turgor, normal HR/BP, warm pink extremities, brisk cap refill, maybe slightly decreased urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

8 Things to Assess for Hydration Status

A
  1. Mental Status
  2. Fontanels
  3. Eyes
  4. Oral Mucosa
  5. Skin turgor
  6. HR/BP
  7. Extremities
  8. Urine Output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Assessment of Patient with moderate dehydration:

A

alert/irritable, sunken fontanelles, mildly sunken orbits, pale/slightly dry oral mucosa, decreased turgor, increased HR, normal BP, delayed cap refill, UO < 1ml/kg/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Assessment of Patient with Severe Dehydration:

A

alert to irritable/comatose, sunken fontanels, deeply sunken orbits with no tears, dry mucosa, tenting turgor, increased HR progressing to brady, normal BP progressing to hype, cool dusky skin delayed cap refill, < 1ml/kg/hr

26
Q

Treatment of mild/moderate dehydration

A

Oral rehydration containing sodium and glucose

27
Q

Treatment of severe dehydration

A

bolus of NS, IV fluids D5NS

28
Q

Why must dextrose/glucose be present in IV fluids for treatment of dehydration?

A

metabolism increases when sick

29
Q

Formula for fluid maintenance

A
  • 100ml/kg for the first 10kg
  • 50ml/kg for the next 10kg
  • 20ml/kg for the remainder
29
Q

When does the lip develop in utero?

A

5-6weeks

30
Q

When does the palate develop in utero?

A

7-9 weeks

31
Q

How is cleft lip diagnosed

A

Finger in mouth at birth to assess palate

Lip detectable on 18 week ultrasound

32
Q

When is a cleft lip repaired?

A

2-3 months

33
Q

When is a cleft palate repaired?

A

6-16 months

34
Q

Which position should a child be in following repair of cleft lip/palate?

A

upright/semi fowler, restraints, never on tummy

35
Q

Complications of Cleft Lip/Palate

A
  1. susceptibility to colds
  2. hearing loss/otitis media
  3. speech/feeding difficultues
  4. higher incidence of dental issues
36
Q

Post Op Cleft Lip Repair Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions

A
  1. inadequate nutrition
  2. frequent burping r/t high air intake
  3. Pain
  4. Infection (clean suture line without injury)
  5. Airway (try to avoid suction)
  6. logan bar
  7. SLP
36
Q

What is Hirschsprung Disease

A

the absence of autonomic parasympathetic ganglion cells of the colon that prevents peristalsis at that portion of the intestine.

37
Q

What does Hirschsprung Disease cause?

A

Obstruction of the intestine

38
Q

Characteristic symptoms of Hirschsprung (and others)

A

CONSTIPATION

> failure to pass meconium
gradual onset of vomiting (bilious)
distention

39
Q

When are most children with Hirschsprung symptomatic?

A

6 weeks to 2 months of life

40
Q
A
41
Q

What is the treatment for Hirschsprung?

A

Bowel Resection with Reanastomosis

42
Q

What is the most common TEF?

A

Esophageal Atresia with Distal Transesophageal Fistula

43
Q

How does a child with TEF present when born?

A

access amniotic fluid/saliva

44
Q

What occurs after feeding a child with TEF?

A

Will immediately vomit/nowhere for formula to go

45
Q

How is TEF diagnosed?

A
  • A catheter is gently passed into the esophagus to check for resistance.
  • A Barium Swallow test is used to diagnose the extent of the problems.
46
Q

What occurs before all GI surgical procedures as treatment

A

All oral feedings are stopped (NPO) and intravenous fluids are started.

47
Q

What can occur as a result/complication of TEF correction and what is the result?

A

Scar tissue at surgical site can cause stricture - frequent vomiting resulting in need for dilation under general anesthetic

48
Q

What is an imperforated anus?

A

The passage of fecal material is obstructed by a structural anomaly of the anus and rectum.

49
Q

How is imperforated anus diagnosed?

A
  1. inspection of perineum for fistula and rectal atresia
  2. US and GI to confirm
50
Q

How does rectal atresia present?

A
  1. abdominal distention 2. vomiting
  2. failure to pass meconium
51
Q

What occurs post-op following surgical repair of imperforated anus

A
  1. assure cleanliness; very high infx risk
  2. may need manual dilations in case of anal stenosis r/t scar tissue
52
Q

What is intussusception?

A

when one portion of the bowel slides/invaginates into the next; invagination of bowel. Will slide in and out which can cause injury to bowel.

53
Q

Characteristic presentation of intussusception

A

GELATINOUS RED STOOLS
EXTREME PAIN
SAUSAGE SHAPED MASS
Vomiting

54
Q

How is intussusception treated?

A

Barium enema treatment resolves most issues; occasionally need surgery

55
Q

What is pyloric stenosis?

A

Hypertrophy of the circular pylorus muscle results in stenosis of the passage between the stomach and duodenum, partially obstructing the lumen of the stomach.

56
Q

How is pyloric stenosis diagnosed?

A

Ultrasound

57
Q

Characteristic presentation (and other symptoms) of pyloric stenosis

A

PROJECTILE VOMITING
> failure to gain weight
> signs of dehydration
> hungry
> irritable

58
Q

When are symptoms of pyloric stenosis evident

A

2-8 weeks

59
Q

What is a nissen fundoplication?

A

Procedure in which stomach is wrapped and tightened for kids with extreme reflux

60
Q

Why are you monitoring electrolytes for children presenting with vomiting or diarrhea?

A

Rx for dehydration/alteration to electrolytes

61
Q

4 grades of intraventricular hemorrhage

A
  1. confined bleed
  2. moves into ventricles
  3. bleed causes increase in ventricular size
  4. ventricles full
62
Q

Describe the oral rehydration used for a dehydrated patient

A

Should contain sodium and glucose

63
Q

Which IV fluids are used for rehydration of patients?

A

NS or LR

Pediatrics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions