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SAM Final > 31. Haemolytic anaemias in dogs and cats. Babesiosis > Flashcards

31. Haemolytic anaemias in dogs and cats. Babesiosis Flashcards

1
Q

haemolytic anaemia

A

decreased in the number of circulating RBCs due to their destruction.
Usually regenerative

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2
Q

Congenital causes of haemolytic anaemia

A

pyruvate kinase deficiency
phosphofructokinase deficiency

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3
Q

Acquired causes of haemolytic anaemia

A

Chemicals
IMHA
Microangiopathic anaemia
drugs
bacteria
parasites
venoms

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4
Q

Clinical signs of haemolytic anaemia

A

Bilirubinuria
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Haemoglobinuria
Fever
Lethargy
Anaemia
Icterus

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5
Q

Lab D of haemolytic anaemia

A

PCV - if plasma is red after centrifuge think anaemia
Blood smear
Increased TP
Regen anaemia

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia

A

Complement / antibody mediated RBC demage
cytotoxic reaction (type II hypersensitivity )

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7
Q

Classifications of IMHA

A

idiopathic / primary
secondary - parasitic, lupus, drugs, tumour, immune, complex formation

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8
Q

Predisposed to of IMHA

A

Dogs > cats
Collies, rottweilers, bobtail cats

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9
Q

Clinical signs of IMHA

A

Similar to general clinical signs of anaemia and acute blood loss anaemia
Cold agglutinin disease
Evan’s syndrome

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10
Q

Diagnosis of IMHA

A

Saline agglutination test
Lab D
Microscopy of blood cells

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11
Q

Saline Agglutination test of IMHA

A

Assessment of IgM & IgG

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12
Q

Lab D of IMHA

A

Increased Br, ALT

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13
Q

Microscopy of RBCS of IMHA

A

Regenerative anaemia
Autoagglutination
Leucocytosis
Neutrophilia
Anisocytosis

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14
Q

Treatment of IMHA

A

Dexamethasone for first few days —–> prednisolone for 3-5 weeks
Azathioprine
Cyclosporin
AB
Heparin
Blood transfusion

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15
Q

Babesiosis

A

Babesia canis
transmitted by Dermacentor Reticularis and other ticks

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16
Q

Pathogenesis of Babesiosis

A

1-2 week incubation
Invasion and replication of rbcs –> anaemia
Immune actions worsen the anaemia
Acute & chronic phases
May damage multiple organs

17
Q

Acute Clinical signs of Babesiosis

A

Pale mucosa
tachycardia
tachypnoea
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
fever
anaemia
anorexia
weakness
depression

18
Q

Chronic Clinical signs of Babesiosis

A

Anaemia
weight loss
gi signs
cns signs
icterus
anorexia
oedema
ascites

19
Q

Diagnosis of Babesiosis

A

History - travel to mediterranean country
Blood smear - giemsa
Serology - pcr

20
Q

Babesiosis from clinical examination

A

Hyperbilirubinaemia
Bilirubinaemia
Haemoglobinuria
Dark drown urine
Leukopenia
Met. acidosis
Azotemia
Proteinuria
Increased ALT, creatinine
DIC

21
Q

Differential of Babesiosis

A

Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia

22
Q

Treatment of Babesiosis

A

Imidocarb
Diuretics
Blood transfusion
Sodium bicarbonate
GCC

23
Q

Prevention of Babesiosis

A

Vaccine
Imidocarb
Flumethrin collars (tick prevention)

SAM Final (48 decks)

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