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BMS 110 > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

how many lobes does the left lung contain and why?

A

2, due to the orientation of the heart

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2
Q

in tracing the pathway of air, which structure immediately follows the nose

A

pharynx

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3
Q

which vessel carries oxygenated blood to the tissue fluid

A

systemic artery

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4
Q

which brain center controls breathing

A

medulla oblongata

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5
Q

external respiration involves the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between what

A

alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

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6
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome primarily affects who

A

premature infants

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7
Q

the alveoli remain open because

A

surfacant, lower surface tension, and residual volume

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8
Q

ventilation includes

A

inspiration and expiration

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9
Q

during inspiration, in order for air to enter the alveoli what has to happen

A

alveolar pressure has to be lower than atmospheric pressure

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10
Q

the primary muscles involved in inhalation

A

external intercostals and diaphragm

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11
Q

vital capacity is equal to the addition of

A

tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume

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12
Q

true or false: if your tissues are high in oxygen, you will begin hyperventilating to compensate excess oxygen

A

false

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13
Q

the majority of carbon dioxide is carried as

A

bicarbonate ion in the plasma

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14
Q

what does the respiratory system do

A

delivers oxygen, expels carbon dioxide, filters incoming air, maintains blood pH, produces sound

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15
Q

what is the upper respiratory pathway

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

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16
Q

what is the nasal cavity and what is it apart of

A

nose/nostrils - moistens, filters, and warms the air that comes in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
it is apart of the upper respiratory tract

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17
Q

what is the larynx and what is it apart of

A

the voice box, it separates the upper and lower respiratory tracts: is has 3 parts to it- epiglottis, vocal cords, glottis
made out of hyaline cartilage
it is apart of the upper respiratory tact

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18
Q

what is the lower respiratory pathway

A

trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli

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19
Q

nasopharynx

A

it is open for breathing but must close when we swallow; uvula in back of throat life up when touched by solids and closes off the pathway to it

20
Q

oropharynx

A

directly behind the tongue, it is covered up by uvula when t is hanging down

21
Q

laryngopharynx

A

the end of it has 2 openings:
anterior opening leads to the larynx and rest of respiratory system; posterior opening leads to the esophagus and the digestive system

22
Q

conducting zone

A

the upper respiratory tract and the first portion of the lower respiratory tract
conducts air from atmosphere to respiratory zone deeper in body
includes: upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

23
Q

respiratory zone

A

deep within the lungs, it is where ACTUAL exchange of gases take place
includes: only the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

24
Q

trachea

A

connects larynx to bronchi made out of hyaline cartilage, has mucus secreting cells and hair like cilia

25
Q

bronchial tree

A

where the trachea splits into 2 tubes called bronchi called primary bronchi and each primary bronchi splits into secondary bronchi and the branches continue to get smaller and smaller

26
Q

how many secondary bronchi are in the right lung

A

3

27
Q

how many secondary bronchi are in the left lung

A

2

28
Q

lungs

A

key organs for respiration base of them sit on the diaphragm they are paired, but not identical

29
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

3

30
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2
depression for the heart is called cardiac notch

31
Q

what does the pleura do for the lungs

A

allows lungs to expand and contract without tearing the respiratory tissues

32
Q

what is the visceral pleura

A

it lines the lung tissue

33
Q

what is the parietal pleura

A

it lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

34
Q

what is the pleura cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal pleura
it contains serous fluid

35
Q

pneumothorax

A

“collapsed lung” ir enters the pleura cavity

36
Q

what is the difference between ventilation and respiration

A

ventilation is the movement of air respiration is the actual exchanging of gases (respiration does not only occur in the lungs)

37
Q

where does gas exchange occur in the lungs

A

alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

38
Q

what are the 2 types of ventilation

A

inhalation - an active process where the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract (volume of lungs increase)

exhalation - passive process where diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax (volume of lungs decrease)

39
Q

what are chemoreceptors and where are they located

A

they are receptors in the body that detect the levels of carbon dioxide and tell the body when respiration needs to occur at a faster/slower rate (higher levels of carbon dioxide means faster rate of respiration)
-Located in the carotid artery, aorta, and brain stem (CSF)

40
Q

what activities and everyday things halt breathing briefly or alter your breathing pattern

A

coughing, swallowing, talking, laughing, singing, holding breath under water

41
Q

what is apnea and sleep apnea

A

-where breathing stops briefly and resumes spontaneously
-condition at night where you stop breathing and spontaneously start again (may contribute to heavy snoring) effects of obesity and aging

42
Q

what is tidal volume

A

normal amount of air you inhale when breathing
500mL is the average approx amount per breath

43
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

maximum amount of air you can forcefully inhale
about 3,300mL for males and 1,900mL for females

44
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

maximum amount of air you can forcefully exhale
about 1,000mL for males and 700mL for females

45
Q

vital capacity

A

the total amount of air the lungs can inhale and exhale in one huge breath
about 3,100-4,800mL on average

46
Q

residual volume

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
about 1,100-1,200mL on average

47
Q

total lung capacity

A

VC + RV

BMS 110 (5 decks)

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