ch 4: reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

A

Haploid cells are sex cells with only one chromosome from each pair. Diploid cells are body cells that have pairs of chromosomes.

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2
Q

Why is meiosis important?

A

It gives us reproduction cells.

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3
Q

How are mitosis and meiosis different?

A

Mitosis- Body cells
Meiosis- sex cells

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4
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

A

Advantages:
Genetic variation
Selective breeding
More diverse population

Disadvantages:
Takes extra time and energy
Have to find mates
Has limited factors

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5
Q

Types of Asexual Reproduction:

A

Fission
Mitotic Cell Division
Budding
Animal Regeneration
Vegetative Reproduction
Cloning

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6
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

A

Advantages:
enables organisms to reproduce without a mate
enables some organisms to rapidly reproduce

Disadvantages:
Produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
Less chance of surviving if the environment changes
Genetic changes (mutations) can occur which can affect the offspring’s ability to survive

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7
Q

egg

A

the female sex cell that forms in an ovary

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8
Q

sperm

A

male sex cell that forms in a testis

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9
Q

fertilization

A

the process through which an egg and a sperm cell join

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10
Q

zygote

A

the new cell that forms from fertilization

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11
Q

diploid cells

A

cells that have pairs of chromosomes

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12
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order

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13
Q

haploid cells

A

cells that have only one chromosome from each pair

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14
Q

meiosis

A

one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid cells

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15
Q

fission

A

cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells

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16
Q

budding

A

when a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent

17
Q

regeneration

A

a type of asexual reproduction that occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent

18
Q

vegetative reproduction

A

a form of asexual reproduction where offspring grows from a part of a parent plant

19
Q

cloning

A

a type of asexual reproduction performed in a laboratory that creates identical individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism