Chapter 6

Question 1

aldehydes

Answer 1

end in -al or oxo-

Question 2

common aldehydes

Answer 2

formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde

if on ring= carbaldehyde

Question 3

ketones

Answer 3

-one or keto/oxo-

Question 4

2-propanone

Answer 4

dimethyl ketone or acetone

Question 5

2-butanone

Answer 5

ethyl methyl ketone

Question 6

carbonyl functions

Answer 6

dipoles can increase intermolecular

can act as electrophiles (aldehydes are more reactive due to sterics)

can be REDOX

Question 7

nucleophilic addition

Answer 7

C=O is polarized which makes it a good electrophile

if theres a good LG the carbonyl reforms, if there is not a good LG it will form a hydroxyl

product will have a nucleophile and OH

Question 8

hydration of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 8

form geminal diols (2OH)

water has nucleophile on O

SN1

catalyzed by acid

loose water, and second equiv of alcohol reacts with carbocation

form acetal or ketal

Question 9

Imine

Answer 9

good nu, nitrogen double bonded to C

to form, ammonia adds to Carbon and water is lost

Question 10

enamine

Answer 10

tautomer of imine

double bond and nitrogen

Question 11

cyanohydrin

Answer 11

Nu, triple bond with N

acidic

Question 12

reducing agents

Answer 12

LiALH4 and NaBH4