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Earth Science > Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is plate tectonics?

A

The geological theory that states that pieces are of earths Lithosphere ate in constant ,slow motion,driven by convection currents in the mantle.

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2
Q

What are plate boundaries?

A

The interface area between crustal plates where earthquakes and volcanoes are most common.

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3
Q

What is a fault?

A

A break in the lithosphere along which movement has occured.

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4
Q

What is a divergent plate boundary?

A

2 tectonic plates that move away from each other.

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5
Q

What type of plate boundary is mid-ocean ridge?

A

Diveregent

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6
Q

What are convergent plate boundaries?

A

2 tectonic plates that move towards each other.

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7
Q

What type of boundary is a subduction zone.

A

Converegent

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8
Q

What are transform plate boundarys?

A

2 tectonic plates that slide past one another in opposite directions.

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9
Q

What kind of boundary is the San Andres Fault?

A

Transform

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10
Q

What is a subduction zone?

A

The ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle.

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11
Q

What do subduction zones allow?

A

Allows the ocean floor/crust to sink into the mantle and melt into molten rock.

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12
Q

What are transform plate boundarys?

A

Earthquakes within the crust.

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13
Q

What is mid-ocean ridge?

A

Underwater mountain range where magma rises to the surface and creates the seafloor(seafloor spreading).

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14
Q

What is seafloor spreading?

A

The theory that explains how new ocean crust is formed at the ocean ridges.

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15
Q

Are rocks closer to the ridge younger are older than ones farther away from the ridge?

A

Closer.

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16
Q

What is magnetic reversal?

A

Occurs when the flow in the outer core changes and earths magnetic field changed direction.

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17
Q

What is proves at the Mid-Atlantic ridge about magnetic reversal.

A

At the mid-Atlantic ridge,rocks prove that the earths magnetic fields reversed. Overtime the polarity of oceanic rock reverses.

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18
Q

What is volcanism?

A

Any activity that includes the movement of magma towards or onto the surface if the earth.

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19
Q

What is magma?

A

molten rock; melted rock that is below the surface.

20
Q

What is lava?

A

molten rock that erupts onto the earths surface.

21
Q

What is a volcano?

A

A week spot in the crust where molten material(magma) come to the surface

22
Q

What is a vent?

A

the opening through which molten rock flows onto the surface.

23
Q

What is the ring of fire?

A

A volcanic belt, formed by many volcanoes that rim the pacific ocean.

24
Q

Where do volcanoes form?

A

Subduction zones,mid-ocean ridges,and hot spots.

25
Q

What is a hot spot?

A

Magma that works its way to the earths surface like a blow torch. Can create volcanic islands or island arcs.

26
Q

How were the Hawaiian islands form?

A

By hot spots,thats why it is in an arc.

27
Q

What is a Island arc?

A

A string of islands formed by a volcano.

28
Q

What is the focus?

A

The point between Earths surface where rock that is under stress breaks(AKA earthquake)

29
Q

What is the epicenter?

A

The point on the surface directly above the focus.

30
Q

What is magnitude?

A

A measure of the energy released by an earthquake and ground motion.

31
Q

What is the mercalli scale?

A

Measures the intensity of an earthquake by the amount of damage it caused.

32
Q

What kind of numbers does the mercalli scale use?

A

They use roman numerals.

33
Q

What is the moment magnitude scale?

A

Records the magnitude of an earthquake and its strength(scale ranges from 1-10)

34
Q

What are body waves?

A

Waves that travel from the focus of an earthquake through the interior of Earth.

35
Q

What are the 2 types of body waves?

A

P-waves and S-waves

36
Q

Are p-waves primary of secondary?

A

primary

37
Q

What kind of motion do P-waves make?

A

They squeeze and stretch rock materials as they travel through earth.

38
Q

What materials can P-waves travel through?

A

They can travel through any material including solids, liquids, and gases.

39
Q

What motions do S-waves make?

A

Snake-like motion

40
Q

Are s-waves secondary or primary waves?

A

secondary

41
Q

What can S-waves travel through?

A

Only solids.

42
Q

Do P-waves or S-waves travel quicker?

A

P-waves.

43
Q

What kind of wave can travel through all of earths interior?

A

P-waves.

44
Q

What layer of the earth can S-waves not travel through?

A

The earths outer core because it is a liquid.

45
Q

How do you find how far away the epicenter of the earthquake is ?

A

Subtract the P-wave arrival time from the S-wave arrival time>

Earth Science (3 decks)

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