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PBS > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of medical science that tracts and controls public health problems. A medical detective that looks for patterns.

A

Epidemiologist

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2
Q

A disease perpetually present in a community or population within a specific geographic area

A

Epidemic

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3
Q

A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease in a localized area.

A

Outbreak

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4
Q

An epidemic that has spread across several countries or continents and affects a large number of people.

A

Pandemic

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5
Q

Non-living particles with DNA or RNA that can infect living cells and use them to reproduce

A

Viruses

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6
Q

Single celled organisms, prokaryotic, most are beneficial but some pathogenic to human

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Eukaryotic cells relate to mushrooms, some cause infections in humans (usually mild, but not always.)

A

Fungi

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8
Q

Single celled microscopic animals, some of which act as parasites in humans

A

Protozoa

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9
Q

An infectious protein

A

Prions

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10
Q

Parasitic worms, multicellular, use humans as host

A

Helminths

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11
Q

Epidemiologist

A

A branch of medical science that tracts and controls public health problems. A medical detective that looks for patterns.

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12
Q

Epidemic

A

A disease perpetually present in a community or population within a specific geographic area

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13
Q

Outbreak

A

A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease in a localized area.

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14
Q

Pandemic

A

An epidemic that has spread across several countries or continents and affects a large number of people.

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15
Q

Virus

A

Non-living particles with DNA or RNA that can infect living cells and use them to reproduce

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16
Q

Bateria

A

Single celled organisms, prokaryotic, most are beneficial but some pathogenic to human

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17
Q

Fungi

A

Eukaryotic cells relate to mushrooms, some cause infections in humans (usually mild, but not always.)

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18
Q

Protozoa

A

Single celled microscopic animals, some of which act as parasites in humans

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19
Q

Prion

A

An infectious protein

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20
Q

Helmith

A

Parasitic worms, multicellular, use humans as host

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21
Q

Pinworm

A

Helminth

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22
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

A

Prion

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23
Q

Ebola

A

Virus

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24
Q

Candida

A

Fungi

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25
Q

Brain eating amoeba

A

Protozoa

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26
Q

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

A

Prion

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27
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Bacteria

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28
Q

Guinea Worms

A

Helminth

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29
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Bacteria

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30
Q

Polio

A

Virus

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31
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

A

Bacteria

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32
Q

Rabies

A

Virus

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33
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Bacteria

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34
Q

Malaria

A

Protozoa

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35
Q

Variola

A

Virus

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36
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Bacteria

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37
Q

Giardia

A

Protozoa

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38
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Bacteria

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39
Q

Group A Streptococcus

A

Bacteria

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40
Q

Influenza

A

Virus

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41
Q

Tapeworm

A

Helminth

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42
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Bacteria

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43
Q

Aspergillus

A

Fungi

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44
Q

Kuru

A

Prion

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45
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Protozoa

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46
Q

Patient zero

A

Refers to the person identified as the first carrier of a communicable disease in an outbreak of related cases

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47
Q

Index case

A

Patient zero

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48
Q

The cause of a disease or condition

A

Etiology

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49
Q

Flu

A

Virus

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50
Q

Athlete’s foot

A

Fungi

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51
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia Etiology

A

gene mutation

52
Q

Refers to the person identified as the first carrier of a communicable disease in an outbreak of related cases

A

Patient zero

53
Q

Etiology

A

The cause of a disease or condition

54
Q

Patient zero is also known as

A

Index patient

55
Q

Rod shape cell

A

Bacteria

56
Q

Education requirements for EMT

A

CPR certification
BLS

57
Q

EMT professional licensure

A

NREMT (National registry for emergency medical technicians
Paramedic exam
or
State certification exam

58
Q

Steps to assessing a medical/trauma scene

A

Control the situation
Look for potential hazards
Assess the situation

59
Q

Parts of risk assessment at a medical/trauma scene

A

Important dispatch information
Location of emergency
extent of emergency
scene dangers
number of injured or ill
behavior of patient/bystanders

60
Q

Steps of primary assessment of a patient

A

General impression
Mechanism of injury
patient’s responsiveness
Stabilize spine if needed
Check ABC’s

61
Q

What are ABC’s related to medical care

A

Air way
Breathing
Circulation

62
Q

Steps of secondary assessment related to medical care

A

rapid physical assessment
vital signs
patient history
Appropriate care

63
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

A severe allergic reaction that can quickly lead to a constricted airway, shock or low BP. Can result in death if not treated.

64
Q

Skin turgor

A

measure of skin elasticity and can indicate dehydration

65
Q

What is used to treat anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

66
Q

Enteral drugs

A

medication that enters the body through the digestive tract

67
Q

Parenteral drugs

A

drugs that enter the body in way other than the digestive tract

68
Q

Routes of delivery of enteral drugs

A

Oral
Rectal

69
Q

Routes of delivery of parenteral drugs

A

Inhaled
topical
injection/infusion

70
Q

Intravenous Injection (IV)

A

Delivered directly into a vein; used when needed quickly or cannot be taken by mouth

71
Q

Intramuscular Injection

A

delivered into muscle tissue where it can be quickly absorbed into the blood stream; quicker than subcutaneous and easier than IV

72
Q

Subcutaneous Injection

A

delivered into the tissue layers under the skin but above the muscle; used to deliver medicine quickly but takes longer than IV

73
Q

Pills and liquids are examples of what type of drug delivery

A

Enteral through mouth

74
Q

Suppositories and enemas are examples of what type of drug delivery

A

Enteral through rectum

75
Q

Nasal sprays and inhalers are examples of what type of drug delivery

A

Parenteral inhaled

76
Q

Skin creams and ointments, ear drops and eye drops are examples of what type of drug delivery

A

Parenteral topical

77
Q

Injection

A

Parenteral delivery of a drug to deliver drug quickly

78
Q

Infusion

A

Parenteral delivery of a fluid and or medication through the veins over a period of time

79
Q

What factors are used to determine a proper dose

A

age
weight
sex
symptoms

80
Q

symptoms of dehydrations

A

weakness
fainting
increased heart rate
increased respiration
shock

81
Q

semipermeable

A

Allow some substances to cross, but not others;
Outermost membrane of a cell

82
Q

diffuse related to cells

A

the way water molecules move in and out of cells

83
Q

solution

A

a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

84
Q

Solvent

A

the part of a solution doing the dissolving

85
Q

Solute

A

the substance being dissolved

86
Q

Hypotonic

A

low water levels, so the water moves into the cell

87
Q

Isotonic

A

water levels are equal, so water moves in and out of the cell

88
Q

Hypertonic

A

high water levels, so water moves out of the cell

89
Q

Why is saline solution used instead of distilled water in IV?

A

Saline is isotonic so it won’t over hydrate a cell which could happen with distilled water

90
Q

What happens from initial injury until successful clotting

A

Positive feedback loop
injured blood vessel
constriction of the blood vessel
Platelets
Chemical Signals
Platelet Plug
End of feedback cycle

91
Q

Negative feedback system

A

occurs to reduce the change in the body and bring the system back to a stable state
Example: when one has low blood sugar the liver is signaled to release glucagon to bring the blood sugar back up

92
Q

Positive feed back system

A

occurs to increase or amplify the reaction such as the release of oxytocin during labor to speed the contractions

93
Q

ABC’s of controlling bleeding

A

Alert: call 911 or have someone call 911

Bleeding: Find source and determine if life threatening

Compress: all pressure to the wound to help the vessels clot

94
Q

When is bleeding life threatening?

A

Blood won’t stop
blood spurting
blood pooling
soaked clothing
soaked bandages
victim confused or unconscious
victim lost all or part of limb

95
Q

see chart page 35

A
96
Q

Is venous or arterial blood more urgent to treat?

A

Arterial because the blood is being pumped out of the strongest chamber of the heart

97
Q

Difference between arterial and venous bleed

A

Venous bleed is slower than arterial bleed because of blood pressure

98
Q

How does packing a wound affect the rate of blood loss compared to a compress

A

Packing slows it more because there are more layers

99
Q

Tourniquet

A

stops bleeding by cutting off blood circulation

100
Q

Drawbacks to using a tourniquet

A

can only be used for 2 hours before causing irreversible tissue damage to the rest of the limb

101
Q

What type of bleed spurts?

A

Arterial

102
Q

Triage Categories

A

emergent: highest priority needs care immediately

urgent: needs care quickly, but can be delayed temporarily

semi-urgent: Need care but can wait until higher priority patients are cared for

non-urgent: Lowest priority of care

103
Q

Medical surge

A

occurs when the number of new patients challenges or exceeds a hospital’s ability to serve them all

104
Q

Surge capacity

A

the measure of how many patients a medical facility can triage, treat and manage in addition to its normal average number of patients

105
Q

What is used to treat a bacterial infection

A

antibiotics

106
Q

Are antibiotics used to treat virial infections?

A

no

107
Q

What is the benefit of using artificial intelligence in analyzing data?

A

it can go through the data faster

108
Q

Aseptic technique

A

the process of preventing contamination with outside things such as bacteria, etc…

109
Q

why is aseptic technique important when doing microbiology?

A

to get to view a single conlony

110
Q

removing gloves see page 15

A
111
Q

microbiologist

A

scientist who studies microorganisms like viruses, bacteria and fungi using microscopes and cultures

112
Q

Latex glove (use)

A

maintain aseptic technique and to prevent contamination when handling microorganisms

113
Q

agar plate

A

a solid medium to help grow and isolate microoganisms

114
Q

inoculation loop

A

used to transfer and streak microorganisms onto the agar plate

115
Q

LB nutrient agar

A

used to provide a rich nutrient source for the growth of bacteria

116
Q

inoculator

A

used to create a warm and controlled environment for microorganisms to grow

117
Q

what is culturing a bacteria

A

growing bacteria in a controlled environment such as on agar plates or in liquid medium

118
Q

Why are cultures done?

A

to study and identify specific types of bacteria and to understand their characteristics

119
Q

What is required for a culture to grow?

A

nutrients
proper temperature

120
Q

see page 17 streaking plates

A
121
Q

scientist who studies microorganisms like viruses, bacteria and fungi using microscopes and cultures

A

microbiologist

122
Q

worn to maintain aseptic technique and to prevent contamination when handling microorganisms

A

gloves

123
Q

a solid medium to help grow and isolate microorganisms

A

agar plate

124
Q

used to transfer and streak microorganisms onto the agar plate

A

inoculation loop

125
Q

used to provide a rich nutrient source for the growth of bacteria

A

LB nutrient agar

126
Q

used to create a warm and controlled environment for microorganisms to grow

A

inoculator

127
Q

growing bacteria in a controlled environment such as on agar plates or in liquid medium

A

culturing a bacteria

PBS (6 decks)

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