Cardiac Function Flashcards
Endocardium
Innermost layer
Myocardium
Thick, muscular middle layer produces contractions
Epicardium
Thin-walled sac that surrounds the heart and attaches it to the diaphragm and sternal wall of the thorax
The Heart Chambers
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
The Heart Valves
Tricuspid - RA to LV
Pulmonic - LV to PA
Mitral - LA to LV
Aortic - LV to Aorta
Cardiac Output
the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
HR x Stroke Volume
Cardiac health contributers of the older adult
Calcification
Diminished elasticity of the blood vessels
Fatty degeneration
Diet that contributes to CVD
High in total fat and saturated fat
LDL and Triglycerides
Effects of Smoking on Heart
Increases HR
Constricts arterioles
Irregular heart rhythm
Enhances process of atherosclerosis
Displaces oxygen with CO2
Myocardial Ischemia
Inadequate blood perfusion to heart muscle causing injury
Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
+1 treading pulse
+2 pitting edema
3+ seconds cap refill
Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output
Low BP
Hypoxia
Altered mental status (confusion)
Decreased perfusion to the brain; Patients may complain of
Syncope
SOB
Difficulty lying flat
Coughing
The Aorta’s anatomy leaving the Heart
Aortic Root connected to heart
Aortic Valve at base of the root
Ascending Aorta > Aortic Arch branches into brachiocephalic, then left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries > Descending Aorta
ECG’s are used to
Detect dysrhythmias
Determine types and extend of heart damage from MI
