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BIOL161 > EXAM 4: Muscle Histology > Flashcards

EXAM 4: Muscle Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sacrolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane

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2
Q

Sacroplasm

A

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

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3
Q

What is inside the sacroplasm

A

Myofibrils, myoglobin, glycogen

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4
Q

What is a myofibril

A

Long bundles of proteins

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5
Q

Function of myoglobin

A

Stores oxygen for use

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6
Q

What are transverse tubules (T-tubules)

A

Tube-like structures in the sarcolemma that penetrate the interior of the cell
They are filled with extracellular fluid

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7
Q

what are terminal cisternae

A

sacs of the SR, closely associate with T-tubules

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8
Q

What are the three types of proteins in the myofibrils

A

Thick filaments, thin filaments and elastic filaments

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9
Q

What are filaments responsible for

A

Muscle contraction

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10
Q

What are thick filaments made up of

A

A polymer of Myosin proteins
(Hundreds of myosin proteins)

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11
Q

What are thin filaments made up of

A

A polymer of Actin
troponin and tropomyosin accessory proteins

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12
Q

What are elastic filaments made up of

A

Titin

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13
Q

What are sacromeres

A

Functional units of filaments

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14
Q

What is a single myosin shaped like

A

A golf club (the head is mobile and can extend and flex)

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15
Q

Function of myosin

A

Myosin can bind and hydrolyze ATP
- The release of energy allows the head to change shape (flex) and ultimately generate force

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16
Q

What does each actin monomer have

A

An active site that can bind to the head of a myosin protein

17
Q

Function of tropomyosin

A

Blocks the active site of myosin in relaxed muscles

18
Q

Function of troponin

A

Binds to and regulates tropomyosin

19
Q

What happens to troponin and tropomyosin in the presence of calcium

A

Troponin moves tropomyosin off active sites of actin

20
Q

What are striations

A

The pattern created by thick and thin filaments overlapping each other

21
Q

L band

A

Light region, only thin filaments

22
Q

A band

A

Dark region, thick filaments

23
Q

Z disks

A

Boundary between sacromeres

24
Q

M line

A

Midline of sarcomere

25
Q

H zone

A

Contains thick filaments, no thin filaments

26
Q

Sliding filaments model

A

Interactions between thin and thick filaments (with ATP hydrolysis) causes sarcomeres to slide closer to each other
- Thin filaments are pulled along thick filaments toward the M-line of the sacromere
- contraction of many sarcomeres, in my myofibrils, in many cells causes the muscle to contract as a whole
- (note that not all muscle cells may be excited at the same time)

BIOL161 (8 decks)

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