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Endocrine (F&F) > Functions of pituitary hormones > Flashcards

Functions of pituitary hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Source of growth hormone (GH)

A

Tissue: anterior pituitary, pars distalis

Cells: Acidophilic somatotrophs

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2
Q

Chemical nature of growth hormone (GH)

A

Peptide

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3
Q

Brain (hypothalmic) regulatory hormones for growth hormone (GH)

A
  • Stimulatory: Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
  • Inhibitory: Growth Hormone Inhibitory (GHIH), also called somatostatin
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4
Q

Main target tissues for growth hormone

A
  • Liver, muscle, white adipose tissue, bone
  • Locations Where you store fat and glycogen
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5
Q

Main Functions of growth hormone in domestic animals

A
  • Increases lipolysis in white adipose tissue
  • Increases glycogenolysis and protein synthesis in liver and muscle
  • Stimulates insulin like growth factors (IGF) secretion in liver and muscle which stimulates cell and tissue growth and development
  • Sitmulates chondrogenesis in bones
  • Enhances long bone growth and ossification
  • Induces hyperglycemia (is diabetogenic)
  • Increases milk production in dairy cows
  • Increases nitrogen retention and improve feed efficiency in pigs and lambs
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6
Q

source of prolactin hormone

A
  • Tissue: anterior pituitary, pars distalis
  • Cells: acidophilic lactotrophs (mammotrophs)
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7
Q

chemical nature of prolactin

A

Peptide

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8
Q

Brain (hypothalamic) regulatory hormone for prolactin

A
  • Stimulatory: Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)
  • Inhibitory: Prolactin inhibitory hormone (dopamine)
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9
Q

Main target tissues for prolactin

A
  • Mammary glands (main target)
  • Liver, gonads (testis and ovary), prostate gland
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10
Q

Main function of prolactin

A
  • Initiates and stimulates lactation
  • Promotes transcription of genes encoding milk proteins (eg. Casein)
  • Stimulates epithelial cell proliferation in mammary gland tissue
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11
Q

Source of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/ Thyrotropin

A
  • Tissue: anterior pituitary, pars distalis
  • Cells: Basophilic thyrotrophs
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12
Q

Chemical nature of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/ Thyrotropin

A

Glycoprotein

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13
Q

Brain (hypothalamic) regulatory hormones of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/ Thyrotropin

A
  • Stimulating: Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
  • Inhibitory: no specific factor
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14
Q

Main target tissues for Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/ Thyrotropin

A

Thyroid gland (thyroid follicles that produce thyroid hormones)

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15
Q

Main function of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates almost all steps in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)

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16
Q

Source of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Tissue: anterior pituitary, pars distalis

Cells: basophilic corticotrophs

17
Q

Chemical nature of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Peptide

18
Q

Brain (hypothalamic) regulatory hormones for Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulatory: corticotropin releasing hormone/factor (CRH/CRF)

19
Q

Main target tissues of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Cells in the cortical region of the adrenal gland (adrenal cortex)

20
Q

Main functions of ACTH

A
  • Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisol in most mammals, or corticosterone in rodents and lagomorphs
  • In birds, ACTH stimulates the secretion of androgens and mineralocorticoids from the adrenal glands (more in adrenal glands)
21
Q

Pars Tuberalis

A
  • Part of anterior pituitary, acts as a sleeve
22
Q

How is melanocyte stimulating hormone produced?

A

Formed from POMC, the same precursor of ACTH, but it is formed by its processing by different enzymes and distinct locations within the precursor

23
Q

Pars intermedia hormone release in different species

A
  • Part of anterior pituitary
  • In cattle, pigs, rats, melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is produced in this region
  • In horses and dogs, this region is a source of ACTH. Therefore, abnormally elevated secretion of this region leads to hyperadrenocorticism in these species
24
Q

Source of Anti-Diuretic Hormone/Vasopressin/ Arginine Vasopressin

A

Tissue: posterioir pituitary, neurohypophysis/pars nervosa

Cells: Axon terminals form the neurons of the hypothalamic supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei

25
Q

Chemical nature of Anti-Diuretic Hormone/Vasopressin/ Arginine Vasopressin

A

Peptide

26
Q

Brain (hypothalamic) regulatory hormones for Anti-Diuretic Hormone/Vasopressin/ Arginine Vasopressin

A
  • Stimulatory: no specific hypothalamic factors
  • Inhibitory: no specific factor
27
Q

Main Target for Anti-Diuretic Hormone/Vasopressin/ Arginine Vasopressin

A

Kidney (distal part of the nephron and collecting ducts)

28
Q

Main function of anti-diuretic hormone

A

Increases water reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate

29
Q

Source of oxytocin

A

Tissue: posterior pituitary, neurohypophysis/pars nervosa

Cells: axon terminals from the neurons of the hypothalamic supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei

30
Q

Chemical nature of oxytocin

A

Peptide

31
Q

Brain (hypothalamic) regulatory hormones of oxytocin

A
  • Stimulatory: no specific hypothalamic factors
  • Inhibitory: no specific factor
32
Q

Main target tissues of oxytocin

A

Uterus (smooth muscle), mammary gland

33
Q

Main function of oxytocin

A

Increases uterine contractions, milk production, and lactation

34
Q

How is oxytocin used in vet med?

A
  • Increase uterine contractions
  • Induce partuition/labor
  • Treatment of retained placenta
  • Metritis (inflammation of uterus)
  • Agalactia (absence of milk from the udder)

Endocrine (F&F) (13 decks)

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