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Oral Radiology > Caries interpretation > Flashcards

Caries interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

One of the most prevalent human diseases:

A

dental caries

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2
Q

What date did decreasing prevalence of dental caries finally occur?

A

1980s

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3
Q

Dental caries is considered a disease of:

A

civilized societies

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4
Q

Dental caries are associated with:

A

highly refined sugar & retentive food diets that remains prevalent in lower socio-economic groups

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5
Q

Dental caries is the greatest cause for:

A

tooth loss in individuals age 35 & younger

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6
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of dental caries:

A

related to bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces & plaque formation

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7
Q

Plaque is composed of _______ with _____ that attach to tooth surfaces

A

polysccharides/enzyme matrix; bacterial colonies

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8
Q

Bacteria metabolize _______ producing acid byproducts that lower pH below ____ to decalcify teeth

A

dietary carbohydrates; 5.5 threshold

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9
Q

The predisposing factors of dental caries include: (5)

A
  1. bacteria
  2. diet
  3. plaque retention
  4. OH compliance
  5. saliva
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10
Q

Discuss bacteria as a predisposing factor of dental caries:

A

bacteria varies and is dependent on host

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11
Q

What are three common types of bacteria that are considered predisposing factors to caries?

A
  1. lactobacillus casei
  2. streptococcus mutans
  3. actinomyces viscosus
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12
Q

What component of a diet may be a predisposing factor for dental caries?

A

glucose

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13
Q

Discuss how saliva may be a predisposing factor to dental caries:

A

varies based on concentrations of salivary glycoproteins and immunoglobulins

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14
Q

Dental caries signs range from:

A

slight demineralization to gross coronal decay

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15
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

Slight demineralization

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16
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

Gross coronal decay

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17
Q

Dental signs of caries: Defects appear as violations of: (2)

A
  1. smooth surfaces, usually at inaccessible areas
  2. pit & fissure of occlusal & occasional proximal surfaces
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18
Q

Dental caries are:

  1. easy to:
  2. not so easy to:
  3. harder to:
A
  1. diagnose
  2. stage
  3. treatment plan
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19
Q

What type of radiographs are preferred to diagnose interproximal caries?

A

Horizontal Bitewing (standard)

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20
Q

What type of radiograph is seen in the following image?

A

Horizontal bitewing

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21
Q

Does the following image show correct or incorrect angulation for a bitewing?

A

Correct

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22
Q

Does the following image show correct or incorrect angulation for a bitewing?

A

Incorrect

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23
Q

Does the following image show correct or incorrect angulation for a bitewing?

A

Correct

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24
Q

Does the following image show correct or incorrect angulation for a bitewing?

A

Incorrect

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25
Q

What type of radiography is helpful for caries detection if XCP technique is used to minimize linear distortion in the vertical dimension?

A

Periapical radiography

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26
Q

When performing periapical radiography for caries detection, what technique must be used to minimized linear distortion in the vertical dimension?

A

XCP technique

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27
Q

When performing periapical radiography for caries detection, the XCP technique is used to minimize:

A

linear distortion in the vertical dimension

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28
Q

When performing periapical radiography, __________ must project non-overlapped contacts

A

horizontal angulation

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29
Q

What must be correct in order to have NON-overlapping contacts?

A

Horizontal angulation

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30
Q

What type of radiographs are seen in the following image?

A

Periapical radiographs

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31
Q

Detect the caries in the following image:

A
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32
Q

What type of radiographs are seen in the following image?

A

Periapical radiographs

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33
Q

Detect the caries in the following image:

A
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34
Q

What type of radiographs are considered “not as useful” due to technique problems from bending the film and difficulty placing film to open contacts?

A

Vertical bitewings

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35
Q

Why are vertical bitewing radiographs considered “not as useful” to evaluate caries?

A
  1. technique problems from building the film
  2. difficulty placing film to open contacts
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36
Q

What type of radiographs are seen in the following images?

A

Vertical bitewings

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37
Q

What type of radiographs are seen in the following images?

A

Vertical bitewings

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38
Q

What type of radiographs are seen in the following images?

A

Vertical bitewings

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39
Q

Factors affecting caries presentation include: (9)

A
  1. angle of the X-ray beam
  2. placement of the image receptor
  3. location of the proximal carious lesion
  4. degree of hypomineralization
  5. exposure factors
  6. degree of cavitation
  7. ambient light intensity
  8. monitor contrast resolution calibration
  9. selection of postprocessing algorithms on digital images
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40
Q

A factor affecting caries presentation is the location of the proximal carious lesion, explain what this means:

A

if caries is exactly cervical to the contact or slightly buccal/lingual

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41
Q

A factor affecting caries presentation is the exposure factors, such as:

A

Low kV vs. High kV

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42
Q

Factors affecting the perception of digital display include:

A
  1. monitor resolution
  2. monitor luminescence
  3. background lighting affect
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43
Q

T/F: Standard commercial grade desktop monitors have been shown to be superior for diagnostic medial radiography

A

False- they have been shown to be INFERIOR for diagnostic medical radiography

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44
Q

The caries classification used at UMKC include: (6)

A
  1. IC- initial caries
  2. MC- moderate caries
  3. AC- advanced caries
  4. RSC- root surface caries
  5. RC- recurrent caries
  6. B/Li- buccal or lingual caries
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45
Q

Caries in the enamel layer:

A

initial caries (IC)

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46
Q

Initial caries range from:

A

a demineralization defect at the proximal surface and can extend axially to contact the DEJ

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47
Q

A demineralization defect at the proximal surface and can extend axially to contact the DEJ, this would be considered:

A

initial caries (IC)

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48
Q

What classification of caries is seen in these images?

A

initial caries (IC)

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49
Q

What classification of caries is seen in the following radiograph?

A

initial caries (IC)

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50
Q

Classify the caries in the following radiograph:

A

initial caries (IC)

51
Q

Caries described as: spreading vertically at the DEJ and/or extending axially greater than halfway in the dentin layer:

A

moderate caries (MC)

52
Q

The caries represented by this image are:

A

moderate caries (MC)

53
Q

Classify the caries in the following radiograph:

A

moderate caries (MC)

54
Q

Describe moderate caries (MC):

A

Caries spreading vertically at the DEJ and/or extending axially greater than halfway in the dentin layer

55
Q

Moderate caries are described as greater than halfway into the _____ layer

A

dentin layer

56
Q

Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:

A

moderate caries (MC)

57
Q

Caries described as: greater than or equal to halfway into the dentin layer and can extend axially to contact the pulp:

A

advanced caries (AC)

58
Q

Advanced caries can be described as:

A

greater than or equal to halfway into the dentin layer and can extend axially to contact the pulp

59
Q

What type of caries are represented by the following image?

A

advanced caries (AC)

60
Q

Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:

A

advanced caries (AC)

61
Q

Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:

A

advanced caries (AC)

62
Q

Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:

A

advanced caries (AC)

63
Q

How do root surface caries often appear?

A

saucerized or scooped-out

64
Q

What type of caries has a 50% prevalence in the geriatric population?

A

Root surface caries

65
Q

Root surface caries are most common in the _____ regions, followed by the ______ areas

A

Buccal premolar regions; lingual & interproximal areas

66
Q

Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:

A

Root surface caries (RSC)

67
Q

Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:

A

recurrent caries (RC)

68
Q

Caries that may be difficult to localize on a single view and may superimpose pulp:

A

B/Li caries

69
Q

B/Li caries may be difficult to localize on a single view and may:

A

superimpose the pulp

70
Q

Classify the caries seen in the following radiograph:

A

B/Li caries

71
Q

what does ICDAS stand for?

A

international caries detection & assessment system

72
Q

List the order of ICDAS classification:

A

E1
E2
D1
D2
D3

73
Q

What ICDAS classification is being described:

Lesion within outer 1/2 of enamel

A

E1

74
Q

What ICDAS classification is being described:

Lesion within inner 1/2 of enamel

A

E2

75
Q

What ICDAS classification is being described:

Lesion within outer 1/3 of dentin

A

D1

76
Q

What ICDAS classification is being described:

Lesion within middle 1/3 of dentin

A

D2

77
Q

What ICDAS classification is being described:

Lesion within inner 1/3 of dentin

A

D3

78
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

E1

79
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

E2

80
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

D1

81
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

D2

82
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

D3

83
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

E1

84
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

E2

85
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

D1

86
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

D2

87
Q

Classify the following image according to ICDAS:

A

D3

88
Q

ICDAS classification:

Penetrates less than or equal to 1/2 the enamel thickness as a radiolucent notch on the outer surface of the tooth

A

E1

89
Q

The ICDAS classification system is used to diagnosed what type of caries:

A

interproximal

90
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

E1

91
Q

ICDAS classification:

Penetrates greater than 1/2 the enamel thickness

A

E2

92
Q

ICDAS classification:

May have an isosceles triangular outline with base at the proximal surface and DOES NOT extend to DEJ

A

E2

93
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

E2

94
Q

Does ICDAS E2 classification extend into the DEJ?

A

NO

95
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

E2

96
Q

ICDAS classification:

Undermines enamel & extends into dentin at or axial to the DEJ:

A

D1

97
Q

ICDAS classification:

Penetrates less than 1/3 of the outer peripheral dentin thickness

A

D1

98
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D1

99
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D1

100
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D1

101
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D1

102
Q

ICDAS classification:

The dentin lesion is more extensive and penetrates to mid 1/3 of dentin thickness

A

D2

103
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D2

104
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D2

105
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D2

106
Q

ICDAS classification:

The dentin lesion is more extensive than the enamel lesion and penetrate greater than 2/3 (or inner 1/3) of the dentin thickness

A

D3

107
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D3

108
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D3

109
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D3

110
Q

Diagnose the following radiograph according to ICDAS:

A

D3

111
Q

Phenomenon in which the dentin artifact simulates caries:

A

interproximal “burn out”

112
Q

When the lesion is outline by normal anatomic structure and is a relative radiolucency:

A

interproximal “burn out”

113
Q

Interproximal “burn out” occurs when a lesion is outlined by normal anatomic structures and is a:

A

relative radiolucency

114
Q

What is occurring in this radiographic image?

A

Burnout

115
Q

What is occurring in this radiographic image?

A

Burnout

116
Q

What is represented by the red circle in the following image?

A

Burnout

117
Q

Incipient occlusal caries are difficult to detect on radiographs due to:

A
  1. small width of the lesion
  2. density of superimposing enamel
118
Q

Occlusal caries that are difficult to detect on radiographs:

A

incipient occlusal caries

119
Q

Broad-based thin radiolucent zone in dentin with no changes in enamel:

A

moderate occlusal caries

120
Q

How do moderate occlusal caries present?

A

Broad-based thin radiolucent zone in dentin with no changes in enamel

121
Q

How would you notice a moderate occlusal caries?

A

Noticed as a relative increase in opacity between pulp and caries

122
Q

What do the blue arrows indication the following radiograph?

A

Moderate occlusal caries

123
Q

Occlusal caries characterized by undermined enamel with gross loss of tooth structure:

A

severe occlusal caries

124
Q

What type of occlusal caries can be seen on the following radiograph?

A

severe occlusal caries

Oral Radiology (21 decks)

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