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Oral Radiology > Panoramic positioning errors > Flashcards

Panoramic positioning errors Flashcards

1
Q

What protective measure cannot be used in panoramic radiographs?

A

thyroid collar

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2
Q

Before taking a pano, have patients remove:

A
  1. dental appliances
  2. earrings
  3. necklaces
  4. hair pins
  5. glasses
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3
Q

What error is seen in this pano?

A

glasses left on

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4
Q

What error is seen in this pano?

A

earrings left on

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5
Q

What error is seen in this pano?

A

necklace left on

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6
Q

What error is seen in this pano?

A

hair pins

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7
Q

What error is seen in this pano?

A

denture left in

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8
Q

If the teeth and jaws are sharply depicted in a pano, this tells you:

A

proper position achieved- teeth and jaws are in focal trough

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9
Q

If there is a slight curvature of the occlusal plane in a pano, this tells you:

A

proper position achieved- vertical head position is correct

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10
Q

If their is equal magnification on the left and right side of a pano, this tells you:

A

proper position achieved- head not turned left or right

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11
Q

If their is no air space obstructing the view of the maxillary roots in a pano, this tells you:

A

proper position achieved- patients tongue is flat on roof of mouth

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12
Q

If their is no ghost image of the cervical spine in the midline of a pano, this tells you:

A

proper position achieved- patient is standing up fairly straight with neck straight

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13
Q

Some patients can’t stand up straight so you will know ahead of time that their will be:

A

ghost image of cervical spine

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14
Q

What do we notice about the cervical spine and ramus in the following radiograph?

A

They are NOT overlapping = good - patient was standing up straight

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15
Q

In a pano, if the anterior teeth are narrow & blurred, what is the positioning error?

A

Patient too far forward

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16
Q

In a pano, if the cervical spine is superimposed on the ramus, causing a double real image of the cervical spine what is the positioning error?

A

Patient too far forward

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17
Q

What errors can be seen in the following radiograph? What is the cause of these errors?

A
  1. anterior teeth are narrowed & blurred
  2. cervical spine is superimposed on ramus (double real image of cervical spine

Cause: too far forward

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18
Q

What errors can be seen in the following radiograph? What is the cause of these errors?

A
  1. anterior teeth are narrowed & blurred

cause: too far forward

(notice posterior teeth appear normal)

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19
Q

In a pano, if the anterior teeth are widened and blurred what is the positioning error?

A

too far back

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20
Q

In a pano, if the inferior turbinates and meati spread across maxillary sinuses, what is the positioning error?

A

too far back

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21
Q

In a pano, if condyles are close too or cut off the side of the image, what is the positioning error?

A

Too far back

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22
Q

What errors are caused by the patient being positioned too far forward? (2)

A
  1. anterior teeth narrowed and blurred
  2. cervical spine superimposed on ramus (double real image of cervical spine)
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23
Q

What errors are caused by the patient being positioned too far back? (3)

A
  1. anterior teeth widened and blurred
  2. inferior tubercles and meati spread across maxillary sinuses
  3. condyles close to or cut off side of image
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24
Q

What are the errors in this radiographs? What is the cause of these errors?

A
  1. anterior teeth widened & blurred
  2. inferior tubercles and meati spread across maxillary sinuses
  3. condyles are close to or cut off side image

Cause: Pt too far back

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25
Q

What are the errors in this radiographs? What is the cause of these errors?

A
  1. anterior teeth widened & blurred
  2. inferior tubercles and meati spread across maxillary sinuses
  3. condyles are close to or cut off side image

Cause: Pt too far back

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26
Q

What is the main error in this radiograph? What is the cause?

A

inferior tubercles and meati spread across maxillary sinuses

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27
Q

What positioning error causes excessive curvature of the occlusal plane?

A

Chin down

28
Q

What positioning error causes roots of mandibular anterior teeth to be blurred:

A

Chin down

29
Q

What positioning error causes the rami/condyles tipped inward?

A

Chin down

30
Q

What positing error causes condyles to be close to or cut off the top of the image?

A

Chin down

31
Q

What positioning error causes the hyoid bone to be superimpose on the mandible:

A

Chin down

32
Q

What errors are caused by the chin being too far down? (5)

A
  1. excessive curvature of the occlusal plane
  2. roots of mandibular anterior teeth are blurred
  3. rami/condyles are tipped inward
  4. condyles are close to or cut off top of image
  5. hyoid bone superimposed on mandible
33
Q

What errors can be seen in the following radiograph, what is the cause?

A
  1. excessive curvature of the occlusal plane
  2. roots of mandibular anterior teeth are blurred
  3. rami/condyles are tipped inward
  4. condyles are close to or cut off top of image
  5. hyoid bone superimposed on mandible

Cause: chin down

34
Q

What errors can be seen in the following radiograph, what is the cause?

A
  1. excessive curvature of the occlusal plane
  2. rami/condyles are tipped inward

Cause: chin down

35
Q

What positioning error causes a flat occlusal plane or reverse curvature?

A

chin up

36
Q

What positioning error causes the roots of maxillary anterior teeth to be blurred?

A

chin up

37
Q

What positioning error causes the rami/condyles to tip laterally?

A

chin up

38
Q

What positioning error causes the hard palate to be superimposed on maxillary apices?

A

chin up

38
Q

What positioning error causes the condyles to be close to or cut off the side of the image?

A

chin up

39
Q

What happens to the hard palate in a pano if the chin is too upward?

A

The hard palate gets projected down and overlaps apices of maxillary teeth

40
Q

What is the maintaining reason we have to retake panoramic images?

A

Hard palate superimposed on maxillary apices (chin up)

41
Q

What are some errors that can be seen on this radiograph? What is the cause?

A
  1. flat occlusal plane or reverse curvature
  2. roots of maxillary anterior teeth are blurred
  3. rami/condyles tipped laterally
  4. condyles close to or cut off side of image
  5. hard palate superimposed on maxillary apices

Cause: chin up

42
Q

What are some errors that can be seen on this radiograph? What is the cause?

A
  1. Reverse curvature of occlusal plane
  2. hard palate projecting downwards overlapping apices of maxillary teeth

Cause: chin up

43
Q

What positing error results in unequal magnification of left and right side (teeth, ramus)?

A

head turn

44
Q

What positioning error results increased blurring and overlapping of contacts on one side?

A

Head turned

45
Q

What errors in a pano are caused by chin up?

A
  1. flat occlusal plane or reverse curvature
  2. roots of maxillary anterior teeth are blurred
  3. rami/condyles tipped laterally
  4. condyles close to or cut off side of image
  5. hard palate superimposed on maxillary apices
46
Q

What errors in a pano are caused by head turned?

A
  1. unequal magnification of left and right side (teeth, ramus)
  2. increased blurring & overlapping of contacts on one side
47
Q

What errors can be seen in the following pano? What is the cause?

A
  1. unequal magnification of left and right side (teeth, ramus)
  2. increased blurring & overlapping of contacts on one side

Cause: head turned

48
Q

in the following image, list what each color represents (blue, black, red):

A

blue: area of focal trough
red: jaw position in focal trough
black: head turned to right with incisors still on anatomic midline

49
Q

When the head is turned to the right the _______ dentition moves closer to the sensor so the teeth will project _____ on the radiographic image

A

posterior left dentition; narrower

50
Q

When the head is turned to the right the _______ dentition moves farther from the sensor so the teeth will project _____ on the radiographic image

A

posterior right dentition; wider

51
Q

Based on the left posterior dentition appearing wider on this pano, what error is made?

A

Head is turned to the left so the posterior left dentition moves further away from the sensor and the teeth project wider on the radiographic image

52
Q

If bite causes teeth to be closer to the sensor, how will the teeth on the side closer to the sensor appear?

A

closer=narrower

53
Q

Anatomic midline shifted to the left of center of focal trough is referred to as:

A

lateral translation

54
Q

Due to this left side shift, posterior teeth on the left side will be closer to the sensor and project _____ on the radiographic image

A

narrower

55
Q

Due to this left side shift the posterior teeth on the right side will be farther away from the sensor and project ____ on the radiographic image

A

wider

56
Q

If the patient is slumped, what results in the pano?

A

ghost image of cervical spine

57
Q

What error can be seen on the following image? What is the cause?

A

Ghost image of cervical spine

Cause: slumped patient

58
Q

What error can be seen on the following image? What is the cause?

A

Ghost image of cervical spine

Cause: slumped patient

59
Q

What error is seen in the following image? What is the cause?

A

Palatoglossal air space

Cause: tongue not on roof of mouth

60
Q

What error is seen in the following image? What is the cause?

A

Palatoglossal air space

Cause: tongue not on roof of mouth

61
Q

What error is seen in the following radiograph?

A

Lead apron artifact

62
Q

What error is seen in the following radiograph?

A

Ghost image of cervical spine (patient hunching)
Lead apron artifact

63
Q

This pano represents:

A

partial panoramic image

64
Q

What error likely caused the following pano?

A

Patient movement

65
Q
A

Oral Radiology (21 decks)

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