Chapter 4: Measurement

Question 1

A study is reliable if ________

Answer 1

the same measure is applied consistently to the same person with the same result

Question 2

One problem with reliability in psychology or sociology is

Answer 2

Participants may not remember things accurately

Question 3

A study is valid if there is a ______ with _____

Answer 3

shared understanding; objective definitions

Question 4

A study has internal validity if it ___

Answer 4

tests the very thing it seeks to test

Question 5

A study has external validity if it is _____ and _____

Answer 5

generic; reflects the real world environment

Question 6

Scales of measurement:

Answer 6

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Question 7

Examples of nominal measurements:

Answer 7

Gender, race, political party

Question 8

Examples of ordinal measurements:

Answer 8

Social class, degree of support, rankings

Question 9

Examples of interval measurements:

Answer 9

IQ scores, temperatures

Question 10

Examples of ratio measurements:

Answer 10

Age, years of education, height, weight

Question 11

The unit of analysis is the ______

Answer 11

main focus of the study

Question 12

5 examples of a unit of analysis

Answer 12

Individuals, Groups, Organizations, Social Phenomena, Policies and Principles

Question 13

Unit of observation is

Answer 13

the item you actually observe, measure, or collect while learning about your unit of analysis

Question 14

True or false: The unit of analysis and the unit of observation can NEVER be the same

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is RPE?

Answer 15

Rival plausible explanation

Question 16

An alternative factor that may account for the observed results other than what you might have been expecting

Answer 16

RPE

Question 17

Extraneous variables

Answer 17

Competition with independent variables in explaining outcome

Question 18

Two ways to control extraneous variables

Answer 18

Standardized procedures
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