Differential Achievement and Ethnicity (External) Flashcards
Material Deprivation
Material deprivation refers to the lack of resources, such as food, housing, and clothing, that are necessary for a person’s well-being and educational success.
Finance in Terms of Ethnicity
Palmer (2012) found out that almost half of all children from ethnic minorities live in low-income households (compared to 1/4 of white children). Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are twice as likely to be unemployed and x3 more likely to be homeless.
Why do Ethnic Minorities Face a Greater Risk of Deprivation?
Ethnic minorities face a greater risk of deprivation due to:
- Living in economically depressed areas with high unemployment rates.
- Cultural factors, like women cannot work.
- Language skills and foreign qualifications mean lower paid jobs.
- Asylum seekers may not be allowed to work. Racism in the workplace.
Racism in Wider Society
Racism is discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity.
Racial Discrimination and Material Deprivation
Rex (1986) shows how radical discrimination leads to social exclusion and how this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities.
Example of Racial Discrimination and Material Deprivation
Housing discrimination means that minorities are more likely to be forced into substantial accommodation than white people of the same class. This means children won’t have an adequate space to carry out school work.
Racism Still Exists
Mason (1995) said that ‘discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of minority ethnic origin’.
Discrimination in the World of Work
Wood et al (2010) sent 3 closely matched job applications to each of almost 1000 job vacancies. These come from applicants using names associated with different ethnic groups one white and two from minority groups. They found that 1 in 16 ethnic minority applications were offered an interview, against 1 in 9 white applications.
Cultural Deprivation
Material deprivation refers to the lack of the ‘correct’ norms and values for educational success. The school is a middle-class institution, so deem working-class as ‘culturally deprived.’
Language and Linguistic skills
Bereiter and Engelmann found out that the language spoken by low-income Black American families is inadequate (ungrammatical, disjointed, incapable of expressing abstract ideas, making them poorly equipped for school).
Attitudes and Values
Black pupils can be socialised into a fatalistic ‘live for today’ attitude that does not value education.
Lupton (2004) found out that the adult authority in Asian families is like the ones in school - where children’s respect to adults is respected.
Family Structure (Single Mothers)
Moynihan (1965) said many black families are headed by a lone parent mother, this results in children not getting adequate care because the male breadwinner is not present. This results in them also failing in education and falling into the same vicious cycle as their parents.
Family Structure (Lack of Fatherly Love)
Sewell (2009) said that the lack of ‘fatherly love’ / ‘tough love’ is the problem for young black boys. Black boys find it hard to deal with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Therefore they seek validation and through joining a gang which gives them the loyalty, love and male role model they are missing from their absent fathers.
Cultural Support and Resistance
Pryce (1979) compared Black & Asian family structures. In terms of Asians their culture makes them more resistant to racism, and gives them self-worth. Black Caribbean are less resistant, causing low self-esteem and underachievement.
Cultural Deprivation AO3
Nell Keddie (1973) says that cultural deprivation is victim blaming, ethnic minority pupils are culturally different, not deprived. Schools are simply biased in favour of white culture.
