Haiti - a multi-hazardous environment!

Question 1

Haiti has had a turbulent past. It was originally under the rule of France.

When the Haitians demanded independence, what did the French do?

Answer 1

The French demand 150 million francs for compensation.

Effect -
Financially crippling.

Question 2

Why did the USA invade Haiti?

Answer 2

Concerned that Haiti might become communist.

Question 3

Who was Papa Doc?

Answer 3

Full name = François Duvalier
president of Haiti from 1957 to 1971.
He was a tyrant and a despot.

Question 4

What were the effects of Papa Doc’s rule?

Answer 4

His regime caused nearly 30,000 deaths. His reign of terror meant that other factors were more important than increasing protection from Hazards.

Question 5

What were the long term effects of the French fine?

Answer 5

Haiti has to rely on international aid and the world bank.

Question 6

What is tied aid (bilateral aid)?

Answer 6

Tied aid = the country receiving the aid must spend the money on goods and services from the country providing it.

Question 7

What is multilateral aid?

Answer 7

high-income countries donate money through organisations such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank.

Question 8

What is the issue with the tied aid that America gives Haiti?

Answer 8

It tightens America’s hold over Haiti.

Question 9

Give the names of the zones that Haiti is in.

Answer 9

• The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
• The Caribbean Basin.
  This is on a common storm track.

Question 10

How does Haiti’s topography increase the impacts of hazard events?

Answer 10

Undulating topography
- Promotes rapid run off
- Prone more landslides.
- Low lying parts = built up and have high populations because it is easier to build on flat ground.
- Low lying parts = prone to floods.

Question 11

What type of plate boundary is Haiti on?

Answer 11

Conservative (Destructive) so prone to earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides.

Question 12

How much of Haiti has been deforested?

Answer 12

98%

Question 13

How does mass deforestation increase hazard risk?

Answer 13

Exposed and degraded topsoil
Loose soil - more landslides
Remove trees = increase drought!

Question 14

What is the life expectancy in Haiti?

Answer 14

62 years.

Question 15

What percentage of the population is under 14 years old?

Answer 15

42%

This means that the population is very vulnerable.

Question 16

What percentage of the population are at risk from two or more hazards?

Answer 16

96%

Question 17

Is Haiti above or below the poverty belt?

Answer 17

Above - JUST.
live on $1.90 a day.

Question 18

What human factor increases hazard victims?

Answer 18

Haiti is overpopulated.
More people impacted by Hazards.
Hurricane Matthew = 140,000 homeless!

Question 19

What event had recently occurred that increased the impact of Hurricane Matthew?

Answer 19

There had been an Earthquake and Tsunami in 2010. Haiti was still recovering.

Question 20

When was Hurricane Matthew?

Answer 20

2016.

Question 21

Give 3 geograpical facts about the earthquake of 2010.
What was…
Its magnitude?
Its epicentre?
Its focus?

Answer 21

Magnitude - 7.0 on the Richter scale.
Epicentre - 25 km South West of Capital - Port au Prince.
Focus - 13 km shallow.

Question 22

What was a secondary hazard of the 2010 earthquake.

Answer 22

An underwater landslide caused by the earthquake.

Caused a 3 metre high TSUNAMI.

Question 23

How many died as a result of the 2010 earthquake and Tsunami?

Answer 23

316,000 people.

Question 24

Give 3 facts relating to the 2010 earthquake

Answer 24

• Earthquake occurred in the most densely populated area!
• 3.5 million people affected.
• 60% of government admin buildings destroyed.

Question 25

What long term effects were there?

Answer 25

• Still recovering from unrest in 2018 as 1.5 million still live in rescue camps 7 years after the event.
• Country set back 125 years in development

Question 26

What is the literacy level on Haiti?

Answer 26

61%