Renal random

Question 1

Hyperkalaemia treat

Answer 1

Glucose w/insulin, salbutamol nebs
If doesnt resolve -> Calcium gluconate/resonium

Question 2

AEIOU for dialysis

Answer 2

Acidotic pH <7.2
Electrolyers severe persistent hyperkalaemia
Intocication - lithium, aspirin, methanol, ethylene glycol
Overload - fluid
Uraemia >30 - pericarditis, encephalopathy

eGFR <10

Question 3

Creatinine function

Answer 3

Energy store for fast twitch muscle fibres

Question 4

What is creatinine clearance relative to

Answer 4

Muscle mass - consider limb amputations, age, wasting
Pregnancy - higher excretion rate, lower blood level

Question 5

What can increase Urea

Answer 5

Dehydration
GI bleed
Increased protein breakdown (surgery, trauma, infection, malignancy)
High protein intake
Drugs

Question 6

What can cause decreased urea

Answer 6

Malnutrition
Liver disease
Pregnancy

Question 7

Main monitoring of sodium

Answer 7

Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Renin release

Question 8

Affect of angiotensin II

Answer 8

Direct vasoconstriction
Stimulate adrenal cortex-> aldosterone
Aldosterone increases Na and water reabsorption in kidney
Restores BP

Question 9

What is main componenet of ECF vs ICF

Answer 9

ECF - Sodium
ICF - Potassium

Question 10

What elecrolyte is affected by pH

Answer 10

Potasium

Question 11

Indications for kidney biopsy

Answer 11

• Unexplained renal impairment
• Unexplained glomerular haematuria
• Renal masses - urology
• Renal transplant
  
  • Rejection
  • Dysfunction
• Connective tissue diseases
• Treatment monitoring/research

Question 12

Risks in biopsy

Answer 12

Bleeding - haematuria, into catheter, blood transfusion, renal angio + local embolisation
Nephrectomy
Pain or other organ injury
Death

Question 13

What have to do after kidney biopsy

Answer 13

Lie flat on back for minimum of 12 hours and closely onitor