Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Hormonal responses are usually:

A
  • Widespread
  • Long-lasting
  • Slow
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2
Q

Nervous responses are usually:

A
  • Localised
  • Rapid
  • Short-lived
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3
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

When a stimulus causes a factor to deviate more from its original set point

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4
Q

What are behavioural responses of ectotherms to regulate internal body temperature?

A
  • Sun basking
  • Exposing selves
  • Seeking shade
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5
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

When a stimulus causes a factor to return to its original set point

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6
Q

What is an endotherm?

A

An animal that maintains a constant internal body temperature regardless of external environment by generating heat through metabolic processes

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7
Q

What is an ectotherm?

A

An animal which depends on the environment to regulate its internal body temperature

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8
Q

What do endotherms do in response to high temperatures?

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Sweating
  • Lowering hair by relaxing hair erector muscles
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9
Q

What do endotherms do in response to low temperatures?

A
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Shivering
  • Raising hair by contracting hair erector muscles
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10
Q

Where are the temperature sensors in the brain?

A
  • Skin
  • Hypothalamus
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11
Q

What is diuresis?

A

An increase in the production of urine by the kidney resulting in a large volume of dilute urine.

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12
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

The conversion of non-carbohydrate molecules to glucose

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13
Q

What can type 2 diabetes be caused by?

A
  • Glycoproteins being lost
  • Glycoproteins being less responsive
  • Faulty insulin production (insufficient amount produced)
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14
Q

What two hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands?

A
  • Aldosterone (water regulation)
  • Cortisol (hormone)
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15
Q
A
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16
Q

What two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands?

A
  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenaline
17
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Regulate blood pressure by controlling Na+/K+ concentrations in blood

18
Q

What is the role of a receptor? (transducer)

A

To detect changes in a specific stimulus involved in a physiological process and convert it into an action potential

19
Q
A
20
Q
A
21
Q
A