Cell Structure Flashcards
What is the nuclear envelope?
- A double membrane with nuclear pores for movement of small molecules.
- It protects the DNA from damage.
- Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
What is a vesicle?
A fluid filled sac that transports substances around the cell
What are the five functions of the nucleus?
- Control protein synthesis
- Stores genetic information as DNA
- Cell division
- Metabolism
- Cell differentiation
What is the structure of the nucleus?
- Contains nucleoplasm that contains chromatin
- Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores
What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?
Consists of RNA and protein
- Synthesises ribosomes
What is the function of the RER?
- Protein synthesis
- Transport of proteins and glycoproteins
What is the function of SER?
- Site of synthesis, transportation and storage of lipids and carbohydrates
What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?
- Protein and triglyceride modification which is then repackaged into secretory vesicles for exocytosis
- Produces secretory enzymes and carbohydrates
- Forms lysosomes
What is a lysosome?
A membrane bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes
What are cristae?
Folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
What is the matrix?
The liquid found in mitochondria
What is the function of the centrioles?
- Assembly and organisation of spindle fibres during cell division
What is the primary function of cilia and flagella?
To provide movement for single celled organisms
What is the internal structure of cilia and flagella?
9 pairs of microtubules surrounding 2 microtubules called the 9 + 2 arrangement.
What are microfilaments made up of?
- Actin filaments
- Microtubules
- Tubulin
- Intermediate filaments
