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perspectives > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, brain

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3
Q

dur/o

A

hard, dura mater

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4
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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5
Q

gangli/o

A

gangliiion

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6
Q

mening/i, mening/o

A

meninges

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7
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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8
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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9
Q

radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o

A

nerve root

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10
Q

esthesi/o

A

sensation, sensitivity, feeling

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11
Q

mon/o

A

one

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12
Q

phas/o

A

speech

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13
Q

poli/o

A

gray matter

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14
Q

psych/o, ment/o, phren/o

A

mind

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15
Q

quadr/i

A

four

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16
Q

hemi-

A

half

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17
Q

pre-

A

before

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18
Q

tetra-

A

four

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19
Q

-iatry

A

physician, treatment

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20
Q

-ictal

A

seizure, attack

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21
Q

-paresis

A

slight paralysis

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22
Q

cerebellitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

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23
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

condition of a blood clot in the cerebrum

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24
Q

duritis

A

inflammation of the dura mater

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25
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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26
Q

encephalomalacia

A

softening of the brain

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27
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

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28
Q

meningocele

A

protrusion of the meninges (through a defect in the skull or vertebral column)

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29
Q

neuralgia

A

pain in a nerve

30
Q

neuroarthropathy

A

disease of nerves and joints

31
Q

neurasthenia

A

nerve weakness (nervous exhaustion, fatigue, and weakness)

32
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of the nerve

33
Q

neuroblast

A

developing nerve cell

34
Q

alzheimer’s disease

A

disease characterized by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, and restlessness.

35
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

progressive muscle atrophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord. Also called Lou Gehrig’s disease.

36
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

aneurysm in the cerebrum

37
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after.

38
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

interruption of blood supply to the brain caused by a cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism,, or cerebral hemorrhage. The patient may experience mild to severe paralysis.

39
Q

epilepsy

A

disorder in which the main symptom is recurring seizures.

40
Q

hydrocephalus

A

increased amount of cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which causes enlargement of the cranium.

41
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord.

42
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

chronic degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Symptoms include muscle tremors, rigidity, expressionless face, and shuffling gait. It usually occurs after the age of 50.

43
Q

cerebral angiography

A

process of x-ray filming of the blood vessels in the brain (after an injection of contrast medium)

44
Q

echoencephalography

A

process of recording brain structures by use of sound (also called ultrasonography)

45
Q

electroencephalogram

A

record of the electrical impulse of the brain

46
Q

myelogram

A

x-ray film of the spinal cord (after injection of dye into the spinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord)

47
Q

computed tomography of the brain

A

process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of images of the tissues of the brain at any desired depth. The procedures is noninvasive, painless, and particularly useful in diagnosing brain tumors. Also referred to as a CT scan or CAT scan for computed axial tomography.

48
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. It is performed for many reasons, including the removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes.

49
Q

magnetic resonance imaging of the head (MRI)

A

a noninvasive technique that produces cross-sectional and vertical images of cranial structures by use of magnetic waves. Unlike CT scan, MRI produces images without use of radiation or contrast medium.

50
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination

51
Q

coma

A

state of profound unconsciousness

52
Q

concussion

A

violent jarring or shaking that results in an injury. Brain concussions are caused by slight or severe head injury; symptoms include vertigo and loss of consciousness.

53
Q

conscious

A

awake, alert, aware of one’s surroundings.

54
Q

convulsion

A

sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles.

55
Q

dementia

A

mental decline

56
Q

gait

A

a manner or style of walking

57
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord

58
Q

seizure

A

sudden attack

59
Q

shunt

A

tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid

60
Q

syncope

A

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum.

61
Q

unconsciousness

A

state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, or illness.

62
Q

monoparesis

A

slight paralysis of one (limb).

63
Q

monoplegia

A

paralysis of one (limb).

64
Q

panplegia

A

total paralysis (also spelled pamplegia)

65
Q

anesthesia

A

loss of feeling or sensation

66
Q

aphasia

A

condition of loss or impairment of the ability to speak.

67
Q

hyperesthesia

A

condition of excessive sensitivity (to stimuli)

68
Q

dysphasia

A

condition of difficulty in speaking.

69
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis of half (right or left side of the body)

70
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of half (right or left side) of the body; cerebrovascular accident is the most common cause of hemiplegia.

perspectives (10 decks)

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