The River Tees (Distinctive Landscapes) :)

Question 1

General location? Where is the source?

Answer 1

North- east England. The Cross Fell in the Pennines

Question 2

What is the source’s height above sea level? Annual rainfall at source?

Answer 2

893m above sea level. 2000mm a year

Question 3

High force waterfall:
Upper, middle or lower course?

Answer 3

Upper course

Question 4

High Force Waterfall:
Name of hard rock?
Name of soft rock?

Answer 4

Hard= whinstone
Soft= limestone

Question 5

High Force Waterfall:
Height?

Answer 5

21.5m

Question 6

High Force Waterfall:
Length of gorge?

Answer 6

700m

Question 7

Cow green reservoir:
Upper, middle or lower course?

Answer 7

Upper course

Question 8

Cow Green Reservoir:
What are two benefits to the locals?

Answer 8

• the reservoir serves as a source of fresh water
• it helps the Environment agency control the flow of the river which can prevent floods downstream

Question 9

Yarm:
How much does Yarm’s flood defence scheme cost?

Answer 9

£2.1 million

Question 10

Yarm:
What does Yarms flood defence system include?

Answer 10

• improved warning systems
• Gabions (cages of rocks) to protect walls and embankments from erosion

Question 11

Yarm:
What encloses Yarm?

Answer 11

A meander of the river tees

Question 12

How does rainfall influence geomorphic processes on the river tees? (1 para of a 6 marker)

Answer 12

• receives over 2,000mm of rain annually
• heavy rain increases volume of water
• high volume increases transportation of material which increases abrasion

Question 13

How do you answer: how do geology and climate influence geomorphic processes on the river tees (6marks)?

Answer 13

Geology, climate, rainfall

Question 14

What is a landscape?

Answer 14

A landscape is an area of land that can change over time, is made up of natural elements and it’s shape is farmed and managed by humans

Question 15

What was the Tees Barrage?

Answer 15

a manmade barrier across a river to prevent flooding

Question 16

How much did the Tees Barrage cost?

Answer 16

£54 million

Question 17

When was the Tees Barrage made?

Answer 17

1995

Question 18

Name two successes of the Tees Barrage:

Answer 18

• investment (£500 million) as less flooding
• No major floods since 1995

Question 19

How does Geology influence geomorphic processes on the river tees? (1 para of a 6 marker)

Answer 19

The Upper Tees is relatively mountainous with impermeable geology. This
increases rates of surface runoff and allows more water to flow into the river
increasing its erosive power vertically which creates steep V-shaped valleys.
Through the middle and lower course of the Tees, the landscape is made up
of sandstone a softer rock. The river’s increasing volume and energy mean
that there is lots of lateral (sideways) erosion, widening the river channel and
forming meanders and steep river cliffs.

Question 20

How does Climate influence geomorphic processes on the river tees? (1 para of a 6 marker)

Answer 20

Despite the generally mild winters in the UK, temperatures can be much
colder on higher ground close to the source of the river (in Cross Fell).
Therefore, in winter, the ground regularly freezes and freeze-thaw weathering

can break up areas of exposed rock on the valley sides. If the valley sides are
weakened, sudden mass movement, such as landslides, become more likely.
Material from landslides is added to the river’s load increasing its power to
erode by abrasion.