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HH M2 CA1 Immunology > Immunology 04. T Cell Subsets > Flashcards

Immunology 04. T Cell Subsets Flashcards

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12
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3 signals needed for the clonal expansion of naive T cells?

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3 signals needed for the clonal expansion of naive T cells?

1) Specific antigen signal (Antigen-MHC II complex:TCR + CD4)

2) Co-stimulatory signal (B7:CD28)

3) Cytokine signals

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13
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4 microbicidal properties of macrophages after Th1 cell activation?

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4 microbicidal properties of macrophages after Th1 cell activation?

1) ROS and NO
2) Increased lysosomal enzymes
3) Promote inflammation
4) recruit more leukocytes

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14
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Activated T cells synthesize the T cell growth factor called ?? and its receptor

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Activated T cells synthesize the T cell growth factor called ?? and its receptor

Growth factor is called IL-2

**2 types of receptor as seen below **

Note: Naive t cells have moderate affinity receptor

Mature has the high affinity one

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15
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Can Macrophages and B lymphocytes present antigens?

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Can Macrophages and B lymphocytes present antigens?

Yes.

Macrophages: Phagocytose microbes and display antigen to T cell, which activate the macrophage to kill the microbes

B lymphocytes: ingest antigens and display them to helper T cell which are important for antibody production

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16
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Does activated T cell still need costimulatory molecule?

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Does activated T cell still need costimulatory molecule?

Nope only need for MHC to start killing

17
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Function of Th17 cells?

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Function of Th17 cells?

Inflammation and neutrophil response

Antimicrobial peptides

Increased barrier integrity

For extracellular bacteria and fungi

18
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Give an overview of cell-mediated immunity by T cells, from DC presentation to the actions of activated T cells.

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19
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How does activated T cell know when to leave the lymph node? What are the mechanisms involved?

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How does activated T cell know when to leave the lymph node? What are the mechanisms involved?

Downregulation of CCR7 and L-selectin

20
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How does CD8+ CTLs kill cells that are infected with viruses?

[…]

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How does CD8+ CTLs kill cells that are infected with viruses?

Release granules containing perforin, granzyme B and granulysin into infected cells

or

FasL

Fas is on infected host cells.

21
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Importance of T cell receptor CD3 complex?

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Importance of T cell receptor CD3 complex?

Able to transduce intracellular signal which the TCR is unable to

22
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Microbes sequestered in vesicles of phagocytes are eliminated by […]
Microbes in cytoplasm of infected host cells are eliminated by […]

A

Microbes sequestered in vesicles of phagocytes are eliminated by Th1 (via macrophages)
Microbes in cytoplasm of infected host cells are eliminated by CD8+ CTLs

23
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The 3 effector proteins that trigger apoptosis that are contained in the granules of CD8 cytotoxic T cells (IMPT!!!)

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The 3 effector proteins that trigger apoptosis that are contained in the granules of CD8 cytotoxic T cells (IMPT!!!)

Perforin
Granyzme B
Granulysin

24
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The initial interaction of T cells with APC is mediated by what kind of cell-adhesion molecule?

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The initial interaction of T cells with APC is mediated by what kind of cell-adhesion molecule?
T cell is initially binded to APC through low-affinity LFA-1:ICAM-1 interactions

Initially weak, but conformation changes in LFA-1 (on the t cell) increases affinity and prolong cell-cell contact

25
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Under the presence of IL-12 and IFN-y, what do naive CD4 T cells differentiate to?

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Under the presence of IL-12 and IFN-y, what do naive CD4 T cells differentiate to?

TH1 cell.

If IL-4, differentiate into TH2

Viruses and some bacterias induce IL-12 from dendritic cell

26
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What are some of the molecules that T cells use to initiate their responses to antigen, and what are the functions of these molecules?

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What are some of the molecules that T cells use to initiate their responses to antigen, and what are the functions of these molecules?

TCR, CD4/8 (MHCII/I binding), CD28(co-stimulation), integrin LFA-1 (adhesion, migration)

27
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What are the events that happen after T cell activation?

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What are the events that happen after T cell activation?

TCR Signaling
Clonal expansion
Differentiation and development of Memory T cell

28
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What are the events that lead to T cell activation? 3 events

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What are the events that lead to T cell activation? 3 events

Recognition of MHC peptide
Adhesion
Costimulation

29
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What are the important receptors in T-cell trafficking?

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What are the important receptors in T-cell trafficking?

1) S1P: T-cell trafficking OUT of lymph nodes

2) CCR7: Expressed in naive T cells, trafficking INTO secondary lymphoid organs (Recognises CCL19/21 of secondary lymphoid organ)

3)** L-selectin**: Expressed in naive T cells, trafficking INTO secondary lymphoid organs

“S1P gtfo, CCR7 L-selectin welcome home”

30
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What are the two types of memory T cells? Where do they go?

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What are the two types of memory T cells? Where do they go?

Central memory T cells: remain in the lymphoid tissues

Effect memory T cells: possess effector phenotype and reisde in peripheral tissues

31
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What do viruses and bacteria induce dendritic cells to secrete in terms of Cytokines?

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What do viruses and bacteria induce dendritic cells to secrete in terms of Cytokines?

Dendritic cells: **IL-12, **then IL-12 can activate NK cells to produce **IFN-y **

IL-12 + IFN-y = Naive CD4 T cells differentiate into TH1 cells

32
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What does TH1 cell and TH2 cell produce? and what are the effects?

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What does TH1 cell and TH2 cell produce? and what are the effects?

TH1: IFN-y (gamma)
TH2: TGF-B (transforming growth factor beta) and IL-10 , IL-4

Inhibit each other lol

33
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What happens to T cells with specific signal but without a costimulatory signal?

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What happens to T cells with specific signal but without a costimulatory signal?

Anergy (T cell inactivation)

34
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What influences the functional differentiation of CD4+ T cells?

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What influences the functional differentiation of CD4+ T cells?

Cytokines!

35
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What is costimulation? What is the physiological significance of costimulation? Waht are some of the ligand-receptor pairs invovled in costimulation?

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What is costimulation? What is the physiological significance of costimulation? Waht are some of the ligand-receptor pairs invovled in costimulation?

second signal independant of specific antigen signalling. B7:CD28

36
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What is the most potent APC for activating naive t cell?

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What is the most potent APC for activating naive t cell?

Dendritic Cell

37
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What is the principal growth factor for t cells? Why do antigen specific t cells expand more than other bystander t cells on exposure to an antigen?

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What is the principal growth factor for t cells? Why do antigen specific t cells expand more than other bystander t cells on exposure to an antigen?

IL2!! Activated T cells upregulates expression of BOTH IL2 and IL2 receptors, hence increased clonal expansion compared to bystanders

Bystanders dont upregulate expression of IL2 receptors spontaneously, so they cant respond to the ocean of IL2 around them anyways.

38
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What is the principle co-stimulatory molecule expressed on APC? And what do they bind to?

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What is the principle co-stimulatory molecule expressed on APC? And what do they bind to?

B7 molecules on APC. Binds to T cell protein CD28

“B7:CD28”

39
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What kind of pathogens induce the secretion of IL-4? What do naive CD4 T cells differentiate into under this influence?

A

What kind of pathogens induce the secretion of IL-4? What do naive CD4 T cells differentiate into under this influence?

Worms and other pathogens (usually not virus and bacteria). The t cells differentiate into TH2 cells

HH M2 CA1 Immunology (14 decks)

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