Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is The Human Genome Project?

A

The Human Genome Project is all genetic material of an organism. Within a genome, there are many levels of organization including genes, DNA, and chromosomes

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2
Q

What are haploid cells?

A

Haploid cells are cells which only contain 23 chromosomes compared to the regular 46.

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3
Q

What are diploid cells?

A

Diploid cells are cells that contain all 46 chromosomes with 23 pairs.

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4
Q

How has The Genome Project advanced our knowledge?

A

It has helped with the personalisation of medicine, improved understanding of inherited disorders, and advances in gene therapy

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5
Q

What is Sexual reproduction?

A

-Sexual reproduction involves joining the male and female gametes together, containing genetic information from both parents, creating variation
-Sexual reproduction involves meiosis as the gametes are non-identical

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6
Q

What is Asexual reproduction?

A

-Asexual reproduction involves only one parent
-It is done through mitosis to create genetically identical cells, meaning no variation.

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7
Q

What are the 4 organic bases of DNA and which ones connect to which?

A

Bases = A, T, G, C
Connection:
A=T and C=G

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8
Q

What is DNA?

A

-DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
-It is made from smaller parts called nucleotides
- Each DNA molecule is made up of 2 DNA strands, twisted together to form a double helix.
-DNA is a polymer (long molecule)

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9
Q

What are Genes?

A

Genes are small sections inside the DNA that code for a sequence of amino acids that combine to create special proteins.

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