Genetics Flashcards
What is The Human Genome Project?
The Human Genome Project is all genetic material of an organism. Within a genome, there are many levels of organization including genes, DNA, and chromosomes
What are haploid cells?
Haploid cells are cells which only contain 23 chromosomes compared to the regular 46.
What are diploid cells?
Diploid cells are cells that contain all 46 chromosomes with 23 pairs.
How has The Genome Project advanced our knowledge?
It has helped with the personalisation of medicine, improved understanding of inherited disorders, and advances in gene therapy
What is Sexual reproduction?
-Sexual reproduction involves joining the male and female gametes together, containing genetic information from both parents, creating variation
-Sexual reproduction involves meiosis as the gametes are non-identical
What is Asexual reproduction?
-Asexual reproduction involves only one parent
-It is done through mitosis to create genetically identical cells, meaning no variation.
What are the 4 organic bases of DNA and which ones connect to which?
Bases = A, T, G, C
Connection:
A=T and C=G
What is DNA?
-DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
-It is made from smaller parts called nucleotides
- Each DNA molecule is made up of 2 DNA strands, twisted together to form a double helix.
-DNA is a polymer (long molecule)
What are Genes?
Genes are small sections inside the DNA that code for a sequence of amino acids that combine to create special proteins.