Ch5 Digestive System terms Flashcards
absorption
passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
amino acids
small building blocks of protein (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested
amylase
enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
anus
terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
appendix
blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant). It literally means hanging on to.
bile
digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules; composed of pigments, cholesterol, and salts
bilirubin
pigment released by the liver in bile
bowel
intestine
canine teeth
pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called cuspids or eyeteeth
cecum
first part of the large intestine
colon
large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum.
common bile duct
Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also call the choledoch
defecation
elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
deglutition
swallowing
dentin
the primary material found in teeth; it is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
digestion
breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
duodenum
first part of the small intestine; measures 12 inches long
elimination
act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces
emulsification
physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat
enamel
hard, outermost layer of a tooth
enzyme
a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. digestive ______ break down complex foods to simpler substances.
esophagus
tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
fatty acids
substances produced when fats are digested
feces
solid wastes; stool
gallbladder
small sac under the liver; stores bile.
glucose
simple sugar
glycogen
starch; stored form of glucose
hydrochloric acid
substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
ileum
third part of the small intestine
incisor
one of four front teeth in the dental arch
insulin
hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
jejunum
second part of the small intestine
lipase
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
liver
a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secretes bile, stores sugar, iron, and vitamins, produces blood proteins, and destroys worn-out red blood cells. weighs between 2.5-3 lbs
lower esophageal sphincter
ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach also called the cardiac spincter
mastication
chewing