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Medical Terminology > Ch5 Digestive System terms > Flashcards

Ch5 Digestive System terms Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

absorption

A

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of protein (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch

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4
Q

anus

A

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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5
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant). It literally means hanging on to.

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6
Q

bile

A

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules; composed of pigments, cholesterol, and salts

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7
Q

bilirubin

A

pigment released by the liver in bile

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8
Q

bowel

A

intestine

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9
Q

canine teeth

A

pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called cuspids or eyeteeth

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10
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine

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11
Q

colon

A

large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum.

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12
Q

common bile duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also call the choledoch

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13
Q

defecation

A

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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14
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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15
Q

dentin

A

the primary material found in teeth; it is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

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16
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine; measures 12 inches long

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18
Q

elimination

A

act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces

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19
Q

emulsification

A

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

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20
Q

enamel

A

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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21
Q

enzyme

A

a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. digestive ______ break down complex foods to simpler substances.

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22
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting the throat to the stomach.

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23
Q

fatty acids

A

substances produced when fats are digested

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24
Q

feces

A

solid wastes; stool

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25
gallbladder
small sac under the liver; stores bile.
26
glucose
simple sugar
27
glycogen
starch; stored form of glucose
28
hydrochloric acid
substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
29
ileum
third part of the small intestine
30
incisor
one of four front teeth in the dental arch
31
insulin
hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
32
jejunum
second part of the small intestine
33
lipase
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
34
liver
a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secretes bile, stores sugar, iron, and vitamins, produces blood proteins, and destroys worn-out red blood cells. weighs between 2.5-3 lbs
35
lower esophageal sphincter
ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach also called the cardiac spincter
36
mastication
chewing
37
molar teeth
the sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch.
38
premolar teeth
the fourth and fifth teeth before the molars
39
palate
roof of the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla). The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and throat.
40
pancreas
organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)
41
papillae
small elevations on the tongue; a nipple-like elevation
42
parotid gland
salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
43
peristalsis
rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs. in the gastrointestinal tract, peristalsis moves the contents through at different rates
44
pharynx
throat
45
portal vein
large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
46
protease
enzyme that digests protein
47
pulp
soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
48
pyloric sphincter
ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. It is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it.
49
oylorus
distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
50
rectum
last section of the large intestine, connection the end of the colon and the anus
51
rugae
ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
52
salivary glands
parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
53
saliva
digestive juice produced by salivary glands
54
sigmoid colon
fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
55
sphincter
circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
56
stomach
muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. the part's are the fundus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section)
57
triglycerides
fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids, and one part glycerol
58
uvula
soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
59
villi
microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
60
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
61
Etiology
the study of ause of diease
62
Choledochotomy
Incision of the common bile duct
63
palatoplasty
surgical repair of the roof of the mouth
64
Postprandial (PC)
After meals
65
Chole-dochojejunostomy
New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum
66
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
67
peritonitis
Inflammation of the membrane around the abdomen
68
ulcerative colitis
inflammation of the large intestine
69
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
70
sialadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
71
inflammation of the small and large intestines
IBD, Inflammatory bowel dieases
72
heptatitis
inflammation of liver
73
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
74
stomatitis
inflammation of mouth
75
gingivitis/periodonitis
inflammation of gums
76
enteritis
inflammation ofthe third part of the small intestine.
77
hemorrhoids
swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region
78
cirrhosis
chronic liver diease resulting from alcoholism and malnutrition
79
ileus
failure of peristalsis
80
cholecystolithiasis
calculi in the sac that stores bile
81
ulcer
sore or lesion of the muscous membrane in the stomach or duodenum
82
dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines often caused by bacterial infection
83
diverticula
abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall
84
irritable bowl syndrome
group of gastroinestinal symptoms associated with stress, but without inflammation of the intestines.
85
anorexia
lack of appetite
86
hematochezia
bright, fresh red blood in stool
87
asites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
88
diarrhea
loose, watery stool
89
flatulence
gas expelled through the anus
90
steatorrhea
discharge of fat in the feces
91

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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