L12B PLANTS

Question 1

Name plant characteristics. (6 total)

Cellular level? How does it live? How does it eat?

Answer 1

1. Multicellar
2. Eukaryotic
3. Most are terrestrial.
4. Non-motile
5. Cells walls contain cellulose
6. Most contain chlorophyll and scan synthesize organic products. (autotrophic)

Question 2

Where are plants on the food chain?

Answer 2

Plants are the basis of the terrestrial food chain. They are producers.

Question 3

Why are plants ecologically important?

Nutrition? Ecological benefits? Relation to other life? What about soil?

Answer 3

1. They are the basis of the terrestrial food chain and virtually every organism depends on them (in)directly.
2. They reduce greenhouse gasses
3. They provide shade and shelter to wildlife.
4. They build soil, they hold water and they hold soil.

Question 4

Who is the ancestor of the plant?

Answer 4

Green algae.

Question 5

What do plants and their ancestor have in common? 3 characteristics.

Answer 5

Plants and Green Algae both
1. Have the same photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a&b)
2. Both store carbohydrates as starch
3. Both have cellulose as main cell wall component.

Question 6

What were 2 basic adaptations plants needed to survive on land?

Answer 6

1. They developed a waxy cuticle that prevents desiccation (moisture loss).
2. They developed stomata whihc are tiny pores on leaf surface that aid in gas exchange.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the stomata?

Answer 7

The purpose of the stomata is to facilitate gas exchange.

Question 8

Name the 4 main groups of land plants in descending order.

Answer 8

1. Bryophytes
2. Seedless vascular plants
3. Gymnosperms
4. Angiosperms

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: Bryophytes & Gymnosperms have similar reproductive needs.

Answer 9

FALSE: Bryophytes and Seedless vascular plants are dependent on water for reproduction, while Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are independent of water, they use wind&animals.

Question 10

What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?

Answer 10

Both are independent of water and instead use help of wind & animals to reproduce.

Question 11

Whihc group of plants produces fruits?

Answer 11

Angiosperms.

Question 12

Name characteristics of bryophytes.

Do they have all pl comp.? What’s their env. like? Mode of nut.?

Answer 12

1. They have no true tissues and no vascular system.
2. They are very smol
3. They do not have true organs and rely on diffusion.
4. They depend on water for reproduction as they have flagellated sperm that needs to swim.

Question 13

Give an example of a bryophyte.

Answer 13

Moss.

Question 14

What are rhizoids?

Answer 14

Rhizoids are root-like structures that bryophytes use to anchor to the environment.

Question 15

How large are bryophytes?

Answer 15

Generally one cell thick.

Question 16

In what kind of environment to bryophytes live in?

Answer 16

Moist.

Question 17

What are vascular tissues?

Answer 17

Tissues in plants that are used for the movement of nutrients +H2O.

Question 18

What are the two kinds of vascular tissues? What are their funcitons?

Answer 18

Xylem: carries minerals+H2O from roots to leaves.
Phloem: carries organic molecules from leaves to storage sites.

Question 19

Name the 3 basic plant organs and their functions.

Answer 19

Root: anchors plant, nutrient+H2O uptake, storage.
Stem: plant support, transports material
Leaf: photosynthesis site, large surface area, gas exchange via stomata.

Question 20

What differentiates seedless vascular plants from bryophytes? What do they still have in common?

Answer 20

They now have vascular tissues that aid in circulation of nutrients as well as support. They can grow much large now.
They still have flagellated sperm that requires water to reach the egg.

Question 21

How do plants without seeds reproduce?

Answer 21

They reproduce through spreading spores.

Question 22

During what time period did seedless vascular plants play an important role in?

Answer 22

In the Carboniferous period, increased seedless vascular plant growth allowed removal of CO2 and contributed to global cooling.

Question 23

What is coal?
What is the equation for creating coal?

Answer 23

Coal is compressed, non-decomposed organic matter.

Time+pressure+chemical changes=coal.

Question 24

How were plants able to stop replying on water for reproduction?

entering their independent era yassss girl

Answer 24

The cooling after the carboniferous period created a cooler and drier environment that favoured seed development.

Question 25

What are the three components of a seed?

Answer 25

1. Embryo
2. Food supply
3. Seed coat.

Question 26

What is special about the embryo of a plant seed?

Answer 26

The organs are already formed.

Question 27

What is a corniferous tree?

Answer 27

A tree whose leaves do not fall out at once. Generally classified as gymnosperm.

Question 28

Name characteristics of a gymnosperm.

Answer 28

1. They have needle-shaped leaves
2. They are corniferous.
3. They are evergreen
4. They are perrenials.

Question 29

Describe the process of fertilization in gymnosperms. What do the male and female cones do?

Answer 29

The male cone will produce pollen grains that will be carried via wind to the egg on female cone’s scale, where fertilization will occur. Seeds will then fall and grow into new gymnosperms.

Question 30

Name advantages and disadvantages of the naked seed.

Answer 30

Advantages: it does not need water for fertilization, it can remain dormant until favourable growing environment is reached.
Disadvantages: it is susceptible to environemntal influences and predation.

Question 31

Which group of plants are the most diverse?

Answer 31

Angiosperms.

Question 32

Name 2 new characteristics of angiosperms.

Answer 32

1. They produce flowers to promote fertilization via animals
2. Their seeds are now enclosed within a fruit

Question 33

What are disadvantages of air-borne pollination?

Answer 33

It is very wasteful as the plant must produce a lot of sperm and eggs to disperse.

Question 34

What was the solution to the disadvantages brought on by air-borne pollination?

Answer 34

Pollination via animals.

Question 35

What are the two things a plant must do to attract its insect pollinator?

Answer 35

1. Needs to advertise with colourful, patterned flowers.
2. Needs to offer a reward such as pollen (protein source) or nectar (carb source)

Question 36

In angiosperms, the flower becomes the fruit. What becomes what?

Answer 36

Ovary → Fruit
Ovule → Seed
Egg cell → Plant embryo

Question 37

How do angiosperms expand beyond their environments if they are non-motile?

Answer 37

Their seeds are dispersed by animals who eat their fruit and release seed via droppings.

Question 38

What is an economical significance of seed plants?

Answer 38

6 seed plant crops make up 80% of the calories consumed by humans, among many other edible products like tea, coffee, spices, etc.

Question 39

Name 2 fruit adaptations used to further disperse themselves.

hint: one of them totally doesnt look like a fuit.

Answer 39

Fruits can be buoyant like coconuts to travel across water, fruits like dandelions have little hairty structures that help them fly via wind.

Question 40

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 40

6CO2+6H2O→sunlight→C6H12O6+6O2

6 carbon dioxide molecules + 6 water molecules are transformed, with energy from sunlight, into one glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules.

Question 41

Fill in the blanks.

Answer 41

1. Stamen
   1A. Anther
   2A. Filament
2. Carpel
   2A. Sigma
   2B. Stye
   2C. Ovary
3. Petal
4. Ovule
5. Receptacle
6. Sepal

Carpel is the name of one reproductive female organ, a pistil can contain 1 or more carpels.

Question 42

What parts of the flower did the fruit grow from?

Answer 42

1. Egg cell becomes the plant embryo.
2. Ovule becomes the plant seed.
3. Ovary becomes the fruit surrounding seed.