Test 2 Struggles

Question 1

What are Eubacteria and Archaebacteria? (hint: one is real one is dead)

Answer 1

Eubacteria are called true bacteria, they have higher degrees of organization. Archaebacteria are called living fossils and they can survive in extremely harsh (highly acidic, high temperature, methanogenic) environments.

Question 2

What characteristics do all prokaryotes share? (6)
(Remember who are prokaryotes?)

Answer 2

Prokaryotes: Eubacteria and Archaebactia
1. All are unicellular
2. All have circular DNA
3. All lack membrane-bound organelles
4. All are very small
5. All have cell wall
6. All reproduce asexually

Question 3

Name 4 ways Archaea and Bacteria differ.
(think from inside —> outside)

Answer 3

1. Archaea not disease causing in humans
2. Archaea cell walls lack peptidoglycan
3. Archaea have unique cell membrane
4. Archaea unique DNA structure

Question 4

Name 3 types of Archaeabacteria.
(remember: who are they? ARCHAEA)

Answer 4

1. halophile: high salt concentration
2. methanogen: anaerobic environment
3. thermoacidophile: hydrothermal vents

Question 5

What is an endospore?

Answer 5

Non-reproductive structure of bacteria that allows for survival under harsh conditions.

Question 6

What is a protist?

Answer 6

A non-animal, non-plant, non-fungi eukaryote.

Question 7

Ecological significance of bacteria (3)
How do they interact with the world?

Answer 7

1. Decomposers
2. Pathogens
3. Mutualistic symbionts

Question 8

What -phyletic group do Protists belong to?

Answer 8

Paraphyletic: coming from same ancestor but not including all descendants.

Question 9

Monophyletic group: X ancestors, X descendants
Polyphyletic group: X ancestors, X descendants
Paraphyletic group: X ancestor, X descendants.

Answer 9

Monophyletic group: 1 ancestor, all descendants
Polyphyletic group: No common ancestor ancestor, some descendants
Paraphyletic group: 1 ancestor, some descendants.

Question 10

What are the three categories of protists? Give an example of each.(you already know them all outside of the course)

Answer 10

Plant-like(amoeba), Animal-Like(algae), Fungi-like(mold)

Question 11

Name the 2 vascular tissues in plants and their functions.

Answer 11

Xylem: water transport
Phloem: food transport

Question 12

What did seedless vascular plants do during the carboniferous period? How did these turn into coal deposits? Now, when we burn fossil fuels, what is released into the atmosphere?

Answer 12

1. Massive growth of these plants
2. Dead plant matter+time+pressure=coal
3. CO2 released

Question 13

What happens during Anaphase II?

Answer 13

Separation of sister chromatids.

Question 14

Approx when did life on earth begin?

Answer 14

3.5

Question 15

When did earth form?

Answer 15

4.6 B years ago