1450-59 Battles Flashcards
1
Q
About Dartford
A
- February 1452
- not a battle
- York assembles his affinity + marches under arms to Dartford to force the removal of Somerset
- only support he has is Thomas Courtenay (earl of Devon) + Lord Cobham
- the royal army confronting York is 3x larger + contains many peers
2
Q
When was Dartford?
A
Feb 1452
3
Q
About First Battle of St Albans
A
- Yorkists have larger troops
- Lancastrian barricade the streets to stop Yorkists from entering
- barricades ineffective = Yorkists break through back gardens + houses
- Henry is injured by an arrow
- Duke of Northumberland, Somerset + Clifford killed (only 100 killed approximately.) = clear the main lords/nobles were targeted
4
Q
When was the first battle of St Albans?
A
22 May 1455
5
Q
Why did the First Battle of St Albans happen?
A
- Great council meet at Leicester - officially to dissolve dispute between York + Somerset - York fears something more sinister is in store…
- York convinced Margaret of Anjou + Duke of Somerset were planning his destruction
- Somerset is dominant again - York had imprisoned him berries = worried he might be tried for treason
6
Q
Significance of First St Albans
A
- Somerset dead - York’s biggest rival/opposition - York becomes protector year later
- Yorkist become politically dominant - York = Constable of England, Warwick = captain of Calais
- heightens suspicions York is after the crown = three top lords killed, raised troops against the king
- blood feud = people will want revenge (e.g. Somerset’s son)
- Margaret suspicious of York’s ambitions
7
Q
When was Battle of Blore Heath?
A
23 September 1459
8
Q
Why did Blore Heath happen?
A
- June 1459 = great council at concentration - York, Salisbury + Warwick deliberately excluded
- plans laid to condemn the Yorkists for treason
- Yorkists worried - echoes Leicester council meeting = St Albans
9
Q
What happened at the Battle of Blore Heath?
A
- three Lancastrian forces track Salisbury - led by Prince Edward
- they intercept Salisbury’s force at Blore Heath
- the Lancastrian force is defeated + its commander (Lord Audley) killed in battle
- Salisbury + Warwick join up with York at Ludlow
10
Q
Significance of Battle of Blore Heath
A
- Yorkist victory
- leads to Ludford bridge
11
Q
When was Ludford Bridge
A
12/13 October 1459
12
Q
What happened at Ludford Bridge?
A
- Yorkists lords retreat to Ludlow after being confronted by a large royal army
- there is an offer of a general pardon to the Yorkists - but this excludes Salisbury for fighting a royal army + killing the commander
- stand-off at Ludford bridge + Yorkists flee during the night
13
Q
What happens after Ludford Bridge?
A
- York + his second son flee to Ireland
- Warwick, Salisbury + Edward Earl of March flee to Calais
- 20 Nov = Parliament of Devils
