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Animal Repro > Male Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Be able to list the pathway of sperm through the male reproductive tract beginning in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and ending with the glans penis. (General)

A

-Pelvic Urethra
-Urethralis
-Penile Urethra

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2
Q

Be able to list the pathway of sperm through the male reproductive tract beginning in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and ending with the glans penis. (Specific)

A

-Seminiferous Tubules
-Rete tubules
-Efferent Ducts
-Epididymis: Caput, Corpus, Cauda
-Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)
-Penis: Base, Shaft, Glans

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3
Q

Know the 4 parts of the scrotum.

A

-Epidermis
-Tunica Dartos
-Scrotal Fascia
-Parietal

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4
Q

Know the function and location of the Epidermis.

A

-Skin
-Innervated by sympathetic fibers
-Sweat glands: Evaporative cooling

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5
Q

Know the function and location of the Tunica Dartos.

A

-Smooth muscle
-Thermoregulation: Contract towards body for heating, Relax away from body for cooling

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6
Q

Know the function and location of the Scrotal Fascia.

A

-Connective tissue
-Support and maintain shape

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7
Q

Know the function and location of the Parietal Tunica Vaginalis.

A

Facilitates movement of testes

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8
Q

Know the layers of the testicular capsule.

A

-Visceral Tunica Vaginalis
-Tunica Albuginea

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9
Q

Be able to describe and label the mediastinum of the testicle.

A

-The central connective tissue core of the testes.
-Helps prevent compression of the rete tubules so sperm and fluid from seminiferous tubules move freely from testes.

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10
Q

Know which structures are included in the parenchyma of the testes (tubular and interstitial portions).

A

-Tubular compartment: Seminiferous tubules:
-Interstitial compartment: Cells of Leydig, Blood vessels, Lymphatic vessels, and Connective tissue

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11
Q

Know the difference between the basal and adluminal compartments of the seminiferous epithelium.

A

Primary spermatocytes form in the basal compartment then move through the junctional complexes between sertoli cells into the adluminal compartment to divide and form secondary spermatocytes.

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12
Q

Know why the blood testis barrier is necessary and what structures make up this barrier (hint: one type of junction & one specific cell type that is not the sertoli cell).

A

-Peritubular cells
-Tight junctions
-The purpose of the blood testis barrier is to keep out immune cells

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13
Q

Be able to list at least the functions of the sertoli cells.

A

-Cell barrier to chemicals in the plasma
-Nourish developing sperm,
-Secrete luminal fluid including androgen binding protein,
-Receive stimulation by testosterone and FSH to secrete paracrine agents that stimulate sperm proliferation and differentiation,
-Secrete the protein hormone inhibin which inhibits FSH secretion,
-Secret paracrine agents that influence the function of Leydig cells,
-Phagocytize defective sperm,
-Secrete during embryonic life Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) which causes the primordial female duct system to regress

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14
Q

Know the function and location of the spermatic cord and the structures contained within the spermatic cord.

A

-Attaches testicles to body/pelvis.
-Suspends testes.
-Contains pathways for: Testicular vasculature (Pampiniform Plexus), Lymphatics, and Nerves
-Houses Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)
-Connects epididymis to pelvic urethra
-Houses cremaster muscle: Short term contraction

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15
Q

Know how the epidermis of the scrotum participates in thermoregulation of the testes.

A

-Skin
-Innervated by sympathetic fibers
-Sweat glands: Evaporative cooling
-Innervation of thermosensitive nerves that increase sweating: May induce polypnea

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16
Q

Know how the tunica dartos participates in thermoregulation of the testes.

A

-Smooth muscle
-Thermoregulation: Contract towards body for heating and relax away from body for cooling

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17
Q

Know how the cremaster muscle participates in thermoregulation of the testes.

A

-Contract towards body for heating
-Relax away from body for cooling
-Helps pump blood

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18
Q

Know how the pampiniform plexus participates in thermoregulation of the testes.

A

-Countercurrent heat exchanger: Blood in veins and arteries is cooler in this area to keep testes cooler
(Works like a radiator)

19
Q

Be able to describe the countercurrent heat exchange that occurs in the pampiniform plexus, including how many degrees the blood temperature changes.

A

-Blood coming from the testes is at a cooler temperature which cools the blood heading to the testes and in turn this helps keep everything cooler
-39-34 degrees Celsius temperature difference

20
Q

Be able to describe the parts, function and arrangement of the epididymis. (Convoluted Duct)

A

-Final stage of sperm maturation (mobility, potential fertility)
-Storage reservoir for spermatozoa
-Surrounded by smooth muscle using peristaltic contractions to facilitate sperm movement
-30-60 meters long

21
Q

Be able to describe the sperm characteristics in each part of the epididymis .

A

-Transit time varies (9-14 days)
-Caput (proximal): Not mobile and not fertile
-Corpus (intermediate): Some mobility and some fertility, could bind to egg
-Cauda (distal): Normal mobility, Normal fertility, and Could bind to egg

22
Q

Describe the vas deferens.

A

-Main genital tract
-Continuous form the caudal epididymis to the pelvic urethra
-Passage for spermatozoa from the epididymis to the urethra

23
Q

Accessory sex glands.

A

Responsible for production of secretions which contribute to the liquid, non-cellular portion of semen known as seminal plasma.

24
Q

Be able to list the accessory sex glands.

A

-Ampullae
-Vesicular Glands (Seminal Vesicles)
-Prostate Gland
-Bulbourethral Gland

25
Q

Ampullae

A

-Enlargements of vas deferens due to increased mucosa
-Boars don’t have this.

26
Q

Vesicular Glands (Seminal Vesicles)

A

-Paired glands dorso-cranial to the urethra
-Secrete directly into the urethra
-Contributes large portion of volume to semen (Bulls, Boars)
-Appearance varies in species
-Incorrectly thought to store semen (Seminal Vesicle)

27
Q

Prostate Gland

A

-Between bladder and pelvic urethra
-Presence and appearance varies in species (two types): Can be one, the other, or a mix of both, Corpus Prostate or Disseminate Prostate.

28
Q

Corpus Prostate

A

-Found outside urethralis muscle
-Heart-shaped (Boars)
-H-Shaped (Stallions)

29
Q

Disseminate Prostate

A

Glandular tissue is found along the dorsal and lateral walls of the pelvic urethra

30
Q

Prostate Gland: Bull

A

Two distinct forms (corpus prostate is located near the neck of the bladder).

31
Q

Prostate Gland: Boars

A

-Disseminated prostate makes up most of the gland
-Body is mostly covered by vesicular glands.

32
Q

Prostate Gland: Rams

A

Entirely disseminate.

33
Q

Prostate Gland: Stallions

A

-Only Corpus
-Two lateral lobes.

34
Q

Prostate Gland: Dogs

A

-Only accessory sex gland
-Found around the pelvic urethra and near the neck of the bladder.

35
Q

Prostate Gland: Tomcats

A

-Four lobes
-Found dorsal to the pelvic urethra.

36
Q

Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)

A

-Paired Glands found on the sides of the pelvic urethra (near ischial arch)
-Small and ovoid in most species and highly dense (Bulls, Rams, Stallions)
-Large obvious glands (Boars): Viscous secretion causing gel fraction in seminal plasma

37
Q

List and describe the 3 parts of the penis.

A

-Base: attaches to the ischial arch
-Shaft: the main portion
-Glans Penis: specialized distal end, heavily populated with sensory nerves, homologue of the clitoris, and stimulation of glans penis is primary factor initiating mechanisms of ejaculation.

38
Q

Be able to list the 3 portions of the spongy erectile tissue.

A

-Corpus cavernosum
-penile urethra
-corpus spongiosum

39
Q

Be able to list the 4 muscles responsible for erection, protrusion & ejaculation.

A

-ischiocavernosus muscles
-Urethralis
-Bulbospongiosus muscles
-Retractor penis muscles

40
Q

Ischiocavernosus muscles

A

-associated with pelvic urethra
-located near base of penis
-during erection limit blood flow away from the penis

41
Q

Urethralis

A

-Striated muscle surrounding the pelvic urethra.
-assists in movement of seminal plasma and spermatozoa into the penile urethra

42
Q

Bulbospongiosus muscle

A

-overlaps the root of the penis
-empties the extrapelvic part of the urethra

43
Q

Retractor penis muscle

A

-Sigmoid flexure
-Relax comes out of sheath
-Contract goes back into sheath

Animal Repro (22 decks)

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